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The developed sectioning method was shown to be applicable on rat and mouse as well as human bone samples. Targeted (methadone and EDDP) as well as untargeted (unknown lipids) detection was demonstrated. DHB proved to be the most suitable matrix for the detection of methadone and EDDP in positive ion mode. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ve-822.html see more] The limit of detection (LOD) is estimated to approximately 50 pg/spot on bone tissue. The protocol was successfully applied to detect the presence of methadone and EDDP in a dosed rat femur and a dosed human clavicle. The best matrices for the untargeted detection of unknown lipids in mouse hind legs in positive ion mode were CHCA and DHB based on the number of tissue-specific peaks and signal-to-noise ratios. The developed and optimized sample preparation method, applicable on animal and human bones, opens the door for future forensic and (pre)clinical investigations.<br /><br /> Pain among adolescents is prevalent that may negatively affect adolescents' general well-being of which sleep is an important domain. This study aims to explore the associations between weekly pain and medicine use for relevant pain and insufficient sleep duration among 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents in Latvia by assessing the moderation effect of gender and age.<br /><br /> Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study on 2017/2018 of Latvia (n = 4412; 49.6% boys) were used. Logistic regression was applied to analyse the odds of insufficient sleep (&lt; 7h) on schooldays and weekends in association with weekly headache, stomach ache or backache and corresponding medicine use when testing the interaction effect of adolescents' gender and age.<br /><br /> The experience of weekly pain with or without medicine use significantly increased the odds of insufficient sleep compared to adolescents with pain less than weekly, whilecontrolling for gender and age. The interaction effect of gender and age on the studied associations was not significant.<br /><br /> Weekly pain among adolescents is a significant risk factor for insufficient sleep duration, regardless of adolescents' gender and age.<br /><br />Weekly pain among adolescents is a significant risk factor for insufficient sleep duration, regardless of adolescents' gender and age.This article reviews different methodological approaches for determining treatment reality of ischemic stroke patients in acute care hospitals. Considering specific advantages and disadvantages of two different epidemiologic approaches, a specific comparison was carried out of cases from a structured analysis of the nationwide German diagnosis-related groups (DRG) statistics and data from the acute stroke treatment in Hesse (SA_HE) for 2018 collated by the office for quality management. According to the DRG statistics and the SA_HE data, 16,267 and 15,643 acute ischemic stroke patients (ICD code I63) were treated in Hesse in 2018, with 53.7% and 54.5% males, respectively. The overall age distribution did not show significant differences between the two data sources; however, stroke patients over the age of 70 years were registered significantly more often in the DRG statistics. The rates of systemic thrombolysis were 16.5% in both data sources and the rates of mechanical thrombectomy were 5.6% and 5.9%, respectively. The analysis shows that after a rational limitation of the included cases and based on the place of treatment, there were no statistically significant differences concerning the number of hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke, distribution of gender and age as well as the documented rates of systemic thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. It can therefore be concluded that the well-controlled stroke quality register examined is able to capture a sufficient number of hospitalized acute ischemic stroke cases and treatment rates. Therefore, it appears to be recommendable to adopt the strict Hessian guidelines for data acquisition and control nationwide. In this way a nationwide combined analysis of data from the working group of German stroke registers and the DRG statistics would be possible.<br /><br /> In order to treat the complete spectrum of neurovascular diseases at a high level of quality, which goes beyond the purely acute treatment of stroke, the German Stroke Society (DSG) together with the German Societies for Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology developed a certification procedure for neurovascular networks (NVN). Structurally, a NVN consists of acoordinating center with at least three neurovascular network partners with a certified stroke unit. From 2018 to 2020 a total of 15 NVN have so far been audited and certified according to this new standard.<br /><br /> How efficient are the NVN? Are high standards maintained?<br /><br /> The reports of the audits were analyzed. The data were taken from the period 2017-2019.<br /><br /> The 15 NVN treated a total of 86,510 stroke patients in the years examined and were networked with a total of 107 partner clinics, which were situated an average of 25 km from the coordinating center and transferred a total of 2726 patients. The coordinating centers performed 2463 thrombectomies and treated 2383 patients with nontraumatic intracerebral bleeding. In 712 patients with acute aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhages endovascular treatment was carried out and clipping in 401. The audit was successful in the majority of the NVN.<br /><br /> The certification process of NVN has been successfully established and the audits proved to be auseful instrument for quality control and improvement. The 15 NVN are highly efficient and treat more than one quarter of stroke patients in German stroke units.<br /><br />The certification process of NVN has been successfully established and the audits proved to be a useful instrument for quality control and improvement. The 15 NVN are highly efficient and treat more than one quarter of stroke patients in German stroke units.The article provides an overview of racism discourses in research and clinical practice in the health sector and discusses the individual and institutional effects of racism and discrimination on mental health. In addition, suggestions are provided as to which racism critical transformations in healthcare structures for mentally ill persons are necessary in order to enable equitable participation for people affected by discrimination and racism.