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INTRODUCTION Testicular cancers detected in older males are mostly testicular lymphomas. Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare, clinically aggressive form of extranodal lymphoma. In population-based studies, the incidence of PTL is 0.09-0.26/100.000. The vast majority of PTL are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of PTL diagnosed in a 68-year-old male patient and also, we discuss the incidence, clinical presentation, prognostic factors and management of this rare pathology in the light of current literature. Histopathological and immunohistochemical exams of the patient confirmed the diagnosis of DLBCL after radical orchiectomy. According to the internal prognostic index (IPI), patients’ IPI score was evaluated as 5 and according to Ann Arbor staging, patients’ stage was interpreted as grade 3E. Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, etoposide, and prednisolone chemotherapy was planned for the patient and until now, the patient received his first chemotherapy regimen. DISCUSSION Primary testicular lymphoma should be kept in mind for every patient who admits with a testicular mass, especially in advanced age. Misinterpreatation of the clinical findings can delay the definitive diagnosis. Primary testicular lymphoma should be managed with a multi-disciplinary team including urologists, medical and radiation oncologists. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.BACKGROUND A variety of indicators to register occlusal contacts are used in the daily dental practice. One of the most frequently used qualitative occlusal indicators is the articulating paper. Its reliability is often disputed because this indicator could produce false positive results or fail to register any occlusal contacts. AIM To compare the number and size of the recorded contacts on a tooth surface obtained with articulating paper and foil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Typodonts of upper and lower jaw with intact dental arches Frasaco A-3Z were fixed in a Girbach arcon articulator. Articulating contacts were marked with 12-micron Bausch articulating foil and 200-micron Bausch articulating paper under the same load. For each study a new sheet of the occlusal indicators was used, and 10 repetitions were made for each one. After every marking, the lower jaw was dismounted from the articulator and the distribution of the markings was videographed using a camera. The number of occlusal contacts was entered in a table. We analysed the markings on the first maxillary and first mandibular molars. RESULTS We found that fewer and bigger contacts were recorded using the 200-micron articulating paper in comparison with the contacts obtained using the foil. CONCLUSIONS The type of occlusal contact indicator has an effect on the number and the size of the occlusal contact markings. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.In endometrioid cancer cases, the depth of myometrial invasion, the lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and the microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) glands type of invasion are predictors for a metastasis. Although the intermediate grade papillary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is currently not included in the latest classification of the tumors in the female reproductive system, its existence provokes an interest due to the necessity to perform differential diagnosis against other endometrioid tumors. Hereby presented is a case of papillary endometrioid carcinoma of intermediate grade with invasion in leiomyoma, expressed via LVSI and MELF syndrome with intact myometrium. Morphological and immunohistochemical algorithms have been performed. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common malignancy associated with human immunodeficiency virus. It commonly affects the skin but can present with visceral involvement, including the lungs. A 23-year-old homosexual male presented with fever, intractable cough and dyspnea. On examination, multiple skin lesions were revealed. Chest computed tomography visualized multiple nodules, bronchoscopy showed endobronchial lesions. Histopathological study of the skin lesions showed Kaposi’s sarcoma and the endobronchial biopsy – a proliferative inflammatory process. Diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma was made based on clinical, laboratory, computed tomography and bronchoscopy data as well as on the regression of pulmonary nodules by the combination antiretroviral therapy. The diagnosis of pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma is still a challenge due to concomitant occurrence of opportunistic infections. This case emphasizes the need to strongly consider pulmonary KS as a possible cause for respiratory illness in any HIV-positive patient with cutaneous Kaposi’s sarcoma. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.BACKGROUND The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) is a multifaceted measure of general trait rumination. However, there is no instrument for measuring rumination in Bulgarian, which limits progress in the field. AIM We aimed to validate the RTSQ in Bulgarian and examine its psychometric properties and contribution to several mental health outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sampled 529 undergraduate students (18 – 35 years; 33.6% male; 80.9% Bulgarian) from the Medical University in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. They completed a questionnaire asking about rumination (RTSQ), mental health, and sociodemographic information. The RTSQ was first translated to Bulgarian. Its internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 4-factor RTSQ, and multi-group CFA examined its measurement invariance. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relations between the RTSQ factors, depression, anxiety, and resilience to stress. RESULTS The RTSQ had acceptable inproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.BACKGROUND Invasive infections caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRSA/MRSCoN) require fast, adequate treatment. THE AIM of this study was to develop a faster protocol for direct detection of MRSA/MRSCoN in blood cultures and in abscess punctures based on mecA and species specific identification of S. aureus by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 77 growth-positive BACTEC blood cultures and 50 abscess punctures by routine microbiological assay and simultaneous PCR detection of MRSA/MRSCoN. The speciﬁcity of the PCR was evaluated by using DNA from another 15 microbial species for negative controls. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin, vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin against the S. aureus isolates using the E-test. RESULTS In the blood cultures, the two methods detected 39.3% of MRSA, and 93.9% of MRCoNS. In the punctures, the PCR assay identified 20.9% of MRSA and 79.2% of MSSA. In the puncture cases, there were three PCR MRSA positive and culture negative samples. Screening for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents demonstrated significantly higher (p less then 0.05) methicillin resistance in blood culture isolates than in the puncture ones (39.3% and 20.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION The new PCR protocol was very fast and specific. It was more sensitive in detecting MRSA from abscess punctures than the routine microbiological techniques. This protocol will speed up the right choice of empirical therapy, which is extremely important for saving patients’ lives. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.INTRODUCTION People suffering from rotator cuff tendinopathy exhibit reduced mobility due to pain. The pain and the limited functionality affect negatively the overall quality of life. AIM The present study aimed to investigate the intensity of pain, the functionality of the upper limbs and the quality of life of patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy by using two different therapeutic modalities, shockwave and ultrasound, whose outcomes were assessed pre-treatment and post-treatment as well as after a 4-week follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Out of the total sample of 115 patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, 56 patients constituted the shockwave intervention group, 47 patients constituted the therapeutic ultrasound group and 12 patients made up the control group. The self-administered questionnaire “The University of Peloponnese Pain, Functionality and Quality of Life Questionnaire, UoP – PFQ” was used where the intensity of pain, functionality and quality of life of the upper limbs were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale, pre-treatment, post-treatment and at a 4-week follow-up. RESULTS The pain intensity was reduced and both the functionality and quality of life were improved after shockwave therapy post-treatment (p less then 0.001) and at a 4-week follow-up (p less then 0.001) compared with those found after the treatment. Similar improvements in all three parameters were also observed after ultrasound treatment but the outcomes were not as pronounced as in the shockwave group. CONCLUSION Both radial shockwave and ultrasound therapies were found to be effective in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy, the statistical analysis showing that radial shockwave therapy was superior to the ultrasound therapy post-treatment and at the 4-week follow-up. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.INTRODUCTION In children and adolescents, the most common periodontal disease is the plaque-induced gingivitis. AIM The aim of this study was to reveal the bacterial species associated with supragingival plaque of Bulgarian adolescents diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Supragingival plaque samples from 70 healthy subjects with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis (37 females and 33 males), aged 12-18 years, were obtained and examined microbiologically. RESULTS A total of 224 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were predominant compared to Gram-positive [132 (59%) vs. 92 (41%). CONCLUSION The most frequently isolated microbiota in our study is part of the normal oral bacterial flora. The presence of anaerobes such as. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.AIM To present 5 cases of late choroidal detachment occurring spontaneously in pseudophakic glaucomatous eyes with previous trabeculectomy before cataract surgery. We discuss the causes, risk factors, frequency, diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the presented 5 cases the choroidal effusion is proved by ophthalmoscopy and echography. Late choroidal detachment occurs after phacoemulsification 6 months at the earliest and 9 years at the latest (mean period 2.5 years) in glaucomatous eyes with previous trabeculectomy. To prove choroidal detachment we accomplished routine ophthalmological examination including medical history, visual acuity, tonometry, examination of anterior segment (AS) and fundus. We have done B-scan echography using А/В Ocular Ultrasound Aviso Quantel Medical. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PIK-75-Hydrochloride.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PIK-75-Hydrochloride.html] RESULTS One of the patients had hemorrhagic detachment confirmed by B-scan echography, the other four patients had serous detachment. The examined patients had the glaucomatous disease for 10.