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The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic. This unprecedented situation has garnered worldwide attention. An effective strategy for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic is to develop highly accurate methods for the rapid identification and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Many companies and institutes are therefore striving to develop effective methods for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA), antibodies, antigens, and the virus. In this review, we summarize the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its genome and gene expression characteristics, and the current progression of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, antibodies, antigens, and virus detection. Further, we discuss the reasons for the observed false-negative and false-positive RNA and antibody detection results in practical clinical applications. Finally, we provide a review of the biosensors which hold promising potential for point-of-care detection of COVID-19 patients. This review thereby provides general guidelines for both scientists in the biosensing research community and for those in the biosensor industry to develop a highly sensitive and accurate point-of-care COVID-19 detection system, which would be of enormous benefit for controlling the current COVID-19 pandemic.Particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE), which measures prompt gamma rays at 428 keV from 10B (p, p'γ) 7Be, was used to confirm the boron distribution within 2hr-BPA-exposed cells. Distribution images of potassium, phosphate, and boron and the whole spectrum showed the ratios of boron counts to total (%) as follows control group 1.35 ± 0.073%; 2hr boron exposure group 2.33 ± 0.35%; and boron exposure/wash group 1.58 ± 0.095%. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/eflornithine-hydrochloride-hydrate.html DFMO mw] Micro-beam PIXE/PIGE can be a promising tool for visualization of intracellular Boron.The Nuclear Engineering Department of the Military Institute of Engineering (SE/7-IME) is designing and simulation a neutron irradiator with 1 Ci of 241Am-9Be source. The objective of this irradiator is to generate a flux of neutrons to be used in research and teaching maintaining, for purposes of radiological protection, the rate of ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), below 10 μSv/h at 30 cm from the surface. This paper presents the proposed irradiator, values of H*(10) at different distances from the irradiator and the neutron flux in different points of the beam irradiation, all calculated using the MCNPX code.This experimental visualization study was conducted to investigate and define the phenomena of an initially pressurized liquid water target that can prevent the boiling of water when the target is irradiated with a 30-MeV proton beam produced using the MC-50 Cyclotron at Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences. At various initial pressures and proton beam currents, the behavior of the target water was investigated using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera. We confirmed that an appropriate initial pressure could indeed prevent local bulk boiling, and be determined by solving Rayleigh's equation and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for homogeneous bubble growth using the measured bubble size generated at the Bragg-peak region. The saturation temperature of the initial pressure must be higher than the calculated local water temperature at the Bragg-peak region. The final pressure of the water target increased proportionally with the initial pressure and proton beam current. The penetration depth of the beam varied with beam current and slightly with the final pressure, as evidenced by the emission of blue light in all experimental cases.XRF is a suitable tool for studies of cultural heritage, since it provides valuable information about the chemical composition of an artefact by means of a non-invasive, multi-elemental and non-destructive in situ analysis. This work presents and discuss the technical examination of the Portrait of a Young Man with a Golden Chain (c. 1635), a wood panel historically attributed to Rembrandt van Rijn and/or atelier, from the São Paulo Museum of Art (MASP) collection. Rembrandt was a Dutch painter, considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art. Besides his great success as a historical painter and portraitist, Rembrandt ran large workshops and had a large number of pupils and assistants. In situ PXRF were performed for the elemental characterization of the pigments presents in the painting. The results make possible the characterization of the original materials presents in the painting. Some of the materials identified were Lead White, Chalk, Vermilion, Bone Black, Azurite, Smalt, and earth pigments, such as Red, Yellow and Brown Ochres.<br /><br /> To verify if differential diagnostic algorithms based on selected parameters of dynamic and diffusion-weighted MRI, clinical and demographic variables are accurate enough to differentiate between parotid malignancies, pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors.<br /><br /> The study included 84 patients, among them 19 (23%) with postoperative diagnosis of a parotid malignancy, 37 (44%) with Warthin tumors and 28 (33%) with pleomorphic adenomas. Accuracy of dynamic and diffusion-weighted MRI parameters (T<br /><br /> , T<br /><br /> , WR and ADC), clinical parameters of the tumor (location in the superficial or deep parotid lobe, single vs. multiple lesion, concomitant lymphadenopathy) and demographic characteristics of the patient (age, sex) was determined on ROC analysis.<br /><br /> Compared to Warthin tumors, parotid malignancies showed higher T<br /><br /> , T<br /><br /> and ADC, lower WR, were more often located in the deep lobe of the parotid and presented as single lesions with concomitant lymphadenopathy. Consideration of all these variables provided 100% sensitivity and 89.2% specificity of the differential diagnostic algorithm. Compared to pleomorphic adenomas, parotid malignancies presented with lower ADC and T<br /><br /> , higher T<br /><br /> , were more often located in the deep lobe of the parotid, associated with concomitant lymphadenopathy, diagnosed in men and individuals older than 66years. Consideration of all these variables provided 100% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity of the differential diagnostic algorithm.<br /><br /> Combined analysis of clinical data and results of dynamic and diffusion-weighted MRI may provide nearly ideal accuracy in differential diagnostics of parotid malignancies and the two most common histological types of benign tumors.<br /><br />Combined analysis of clinical data and results of dynamic and diffusion-weighted MRI may provide nearly ideal accuracy in differential diagnostics of parotid malignancies and the two most common histological types of benign tumors.