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trust in physicians are needed. BACKGROUND Donor hepatectomy time is associated with graft survival after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of donor hepatectomy time on biliary injury during donation after circulatory death liver transplantation. METHODS First, bile duct biopsies of livers included in (pre)clinical machine perfusion research were analyzed. Secondly, of the same livers, bile samples were collected during normothermic machine perfusion. Lastly, a nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed including 273 adult patients undergoing donation after circulatory death liver transplantation between January 1, 2002 and January 1, 2017. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cq31.html selleck kinase inhibitor] Primary endpoint was development of non-anastomotic biliary strictures within 2 years of donation after circulatory death liver transplantation. Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were used to assess the influence of hepatectomy time on the development of non-anastomotic biliary strictures. RESULTS Livers with severe histological bile duct injury had a higher median hepatectomy time (P&nbsp;= .03). During normothermic machine perfusion, livers with a hepatectomy time &gt;50 minutes had lower biliary bicarbonate and bile pH levels. In the nationwide retrospective study, donor hepatectomy time was an independent risk factor for non-anastomotic biliary strictures after donation after circulatory death liver&nbsp;transplantation (Hazard Ratio 1.18 per 10 minutes increase, 95% Confidence Interval 1.06-1.30, P&nbsp;value&nbsp;= .002). CONCLUSION Donor hepatectomy time negatively influences histological bile duct injury before normothermic machine perfusion and bile composition during normothermic machine perfusion. Additionally, hepatectomy time is a significant independent risk factor for the development of non-anastomotic biliary strictures after donation after circulatory death liver transplantation. BACKGROUND Fluorescence-based enhanced reality is a software that provides quantitative fluorescence angiography by computing the fluorescence intensity time-to-peak after intravenous indocyanine green. Hyperspectral imaging is a contrast-free, optical imaging modality which measures tissue oxygenation. METHODS In 8 pigs, an ischemic bowel segment created by dividing the arcade branches was imaged using hyperspectral imaging and fluorescence-based enhanced reality. Tissue oxygenation values were acquired through a hyperspectral imaging system. Subsequently, fluorescence angiography was performed using a near-infrared laparoscopic camera after intravenous injection of 0.2 mg/kg of indocyanine green. The time-to-peak fluorescence signal was analyzed through a proprietary software to realize a perfusion map. This was overlaid onto real-time images to obtain fluorescence-based enhanced reality. Simultaneously, 9 adjacent regions of interest were selected and superimposed onto the real-time video, thereby obtaininctral imaging yielded more accurate results than fluorescence angiography. Hyperspectral-based enhanced reality may prove to be a useful, contrast-free intraoperative tool to quantify bowel ischemia. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common condition, caused primarily by narrowing of the nasal and pharyngeal airway, leading to partial or complete airway collapse during sleep. Treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) is considered first-line therapy, due to an efficacy rate of approximately 95%, yet long-term compliance with PAP is less than 40%. The efficacy of a sleep oral appliance is lower than PAP, yet it may have similar effectiveness. A sleep oral appliance is a reasonable second-line therapy for patients who refuse or fail PAP and may be reasonable first-line therapy. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to describe a technique of arthroscopic discopexy with anchors used to treat temporomandibular joint internal derangement. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved patients with unilateral temporomandibular dysfunction refractory to conservative treatment, and whose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations showed internal derangement of the temporomandibular disc, with anterior disc displacement. Maximal interincisal opening (MIO), joint pain, joint noise, and disc position were the variables assessed by clinical examination and MRI before and 6 months after the surgery. RESULTS The sample consisted of 20 patients. In the postoperative evaluation, MIO had increased from 33.8&nbsp;±&nbsp;4.83&nbsp;mm to 35.1&nbsp;±&nbsp;4.08&nbsp;mm (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.04), while joint pain had decreased from 7.5&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.42 points to 2.05&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.47 points (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.001). With regard to joint noise, 19 of the patients had presented with clicking or crepitation but after 6 months these were completely absent. Disc repositioning was complete in 15 of the patients and partial in the other five. CONCLUSION The technique of arthroscopic discopexy with anchors was shown to be effective in treating temporomandibular internal derangement, with good clinical results. Alexander disease (ALXDRD) is a rare astrocytic leukodystrophy caused by GFAP mutations. The adult-onset (AO) variant is usually characterized by gradual onset of spastic ataxia and bulbar symptoms with slowly progressive course. We report two AO-ALXDRD cases with rapid worsening after minor head trauma. In one of them, the only post-traumatic neuroimaging change was revealed by diffusion tensor imaging study. Our observations support the link between head trauma and ALXDRD progression, and suggest that this progression may be ascribed to microstructural changes. Clinicians should inform ALXDRD patients to minimize the risk of head trauma. About 10% of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) cases are familial (FALS), mainly related to mutations in C9ORF72, SOD1, TARDBP, and FUS genes. Recent data revealed the presence of multiple variants in ALS-associated genes in FALS in excess of what is to be expected by chance. FALS patients not carrying a pathogenic genetic mutation detected in their kindred have been reported. We report a FALS case, who did not carry the p.Ala5Val heterozygous SOD1 mutation that had been detected in other affected subjects of his kindred. He underwent Next-Generation Sequencing, revealing a novel p.Glu46Asp heterozygous OPTN variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Discordant genetic test results in FALS cases within the same family and the detection of variants of uncertain significance increase the complexities of genetic counselling. The incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in relation to pre-existing chronic headache (CH) was assessed, as was the clinical course of CH, at one, three, and six months after PDPH. The study was conducted as a single center cohort prospective study that included 252 patients (105 men and 147 women), average age of 47.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;15.0&nbsp;years, on whom lumbar puncture (LP) was performed. PDPH was reported in 133 (52.8%) patients; CH was reported in 82 (32.5%) patients. Patients with CH were more likely to have PDPH (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.003). The individual clinical type of CH did not have an effect on the incidence of PDPH (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.128). Patients with PDPH had a clinical deterioration of CH three and six months after LP (p = 0.047, p = 0.027, respectively) in terms of increased headache days per month and/or incomplete efficacy of performed therapy in relation to baseline values. Six months after LP, the worsening of CH was more common in women with PDPH (OR 5,687 [95% CI 1526-21,200], p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.010) and patients with a longer history of CH (OR 1064 [95% CI 1007-1124], p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.027). Multivariate analysis confirmed the direct association of female sex and duration of CH and its worsening six months after PDPH (OR 4478 [95% CI 1149-17,452], p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.031; OR 1448 [95% CI 1292-1808], p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.022). The presented results could be significant for the prediction/differential diagnosis of PDPH in patients with CH and for the prediction/prevention of CH clinical worsening after PDPH. Foraminal disc herniation presents with an operative challenge, as it often requires facetectomy, which can result in segmental instability. The intraforaminal approach includes partial pars resection and medial facetectomy and allows for direct visualization of the nerve roots and herniated disc in the foramen without violating the joint, with good clinical outcomes. Herein, we describe a retrospective series of patients that underwent minimally invasive paramedian approach with hemilaminectomy, partial medial pars resection, medial facetectomy for foraminal disc herniation. Demographics and clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records. Improvement in functional outcomes was evaluated using the pre and post-operative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). A total of 23 patients were included in this study. The average age was 56.47&nbsp;±&nbsp;9.4&nbsp;yrs and body mass index was 31.92&nbsp;±&nbsp;7.7&nbsp;kg/m2. 47.8% of cases were L4-5 FDH. The estimated blood loss was 31.32&nbsp;±&nbsp;19.8&nbsp;ml. The average length of hospital stay was 1.11&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.3&nbsp;days. All patients were discharged home. Overall, there was a significant improvement in the VAS (pre-op 8.21&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.1; post-op 2.59&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.7; p-value less then 0.0001) and ODI (pre-op 57.16&nbsp;±&nbsp;13.2; post-op 21.47&nbsp;±&nbsp;9.9; p-value less then 0.0001). The minimally invasive paramedian approach provides satisfactory outcomes as a safe strategy in the treatment of foraminal disc herniation. Herein, there was a significant improvement in pain and functional outcomes, minimal blood loss and decreased hospital stay. BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia seen in advanced age. It is characterized by progressive deterioration in cognitive functions. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease increasing day by day due to the increase in the share of the elderly population in the general population due to developing health and living conditions, is limited and early diagnosis and effective treatment possibilities are very limited. From this point of view, a specific biomarker for AD is very important. As a new oxidative stress biomarker, the levels of thiol-disulfide balance, ischemia-modified albumin and seroloplazminin were evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in the early stages of the disease and to compare these oxidative stress markers with patients with mild cognitive impairment as a precursor form of Alzheimer's disease and to determine whether these markers develop at an earlier stage. METHODS 30 volunteers with early stage AD adative stress biomarkers in pathgenesis of AD. However it was concluded that more comprehensive and detailed studies are required to enlighten this issue. BACKGROUND Studies on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) are limited by sample size or overlooked longitudinal performance of the system. This study aimed to assess resection accuracy across the entire TKA application history of a modern CAOS system considering multiple factors. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed based on a database that archives technical logs of all TKAs performed using a CAOS system. Coronal resection errors and percentage of outliers ( less then 2° alignment error) in the proximal tibia and distal femur were assessed. Multilevel modeling was used to understand whether and where the resection error variability was located in the grouping categories, which included geographic region, individual established surgeon, preoperative alignment, adoption phase (learning/proficient), and version of the CAOS software application. RESULTS A total of 10,144 cases were reviewed. The accuracy (mean) and precision (standard deviation) of the coronal alignment for both the tibia and femur were at the sub-degree level.