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OBJECTIVE To identify a pharmacological compound targeting macrophages, the most affected immune cells in inflammatory X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (cerebral X-ALD) caused by ABCD1 mutations and involved in the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy. METHODS A comparative database analysis elucidated the epigenetic repressing mechanism of the related ABCD2 gene in macrophages and identified the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Vorinostat as a compound to induce ABCD2 in these cells to compensate for ABCD1 deficiency. In these cells, we investigated ABCD2 and pro-inflammatory gene expression, restoration of defective peroxisomal β-oxidation activity, accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their differentiation status. We investigated ABCD2 and pro-inflammatory gene expression, restoration of defective peroxisomal ß-oxidation activity, accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and differentiation status. Three advanced cerebral X-ALD patients receiven Neurological Association.INTRODUCTION It is known that D-dimer levels increase with age and several studies have evaluated the use of an age-adjusted (AA) cut-off in the initial assessment of suspected venous thromboembolism (VTE). We performed a retrospective study to assess the effect that using an AA D-dimer in the DASH score would have on the recommended duration of anticoagulant treatment for patients following a first unprovoked episode of VTE and then compared this with the advice that has been given to patients using a fixed cut-off D-dimer in the DASH score. METHODS Data were collected for the period from April 2014 to October 2017. For each patient, the DASH score by a single cut-off D-dimer value (500&nbsp;ng/mL) as well as an AA D-dimer cut-off value (D-dimer cut-off value equal to age in years&nbsp;×&nbsp;10) was calculated for patients over 50&nbsp;years. The Vienna prediction model was employed alongside this to compare the VTE recurrence risk using a well-established method. RESULTS A total of 204 patients were eligible for analysis, 145 of whom were over the age of 50&nbsp;years. In 24 of these patients, the use of the AA D-dimer made a significant impact on the predicted risk of recurrence using the DASH score and would have likely changed the recommendation to offer long-term anticoagulation. CONCLUSION As an age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off has been assessed in the diagnostic setting, it would be logical and appropriate to also consider this philosophy in the prediction of the risk of recurrence of VTE following a first unprovoked event. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Periconception interactions between maternal conditions and environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis and prevention of neural tube defects (NTD), such as spina bifida. These factors have in common that they can impair the oxidative pathway, resulting in excessive (chronic) oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS Review of the literature concerning underlying mechanisms and biomarkers of aging particularly during reproduction. A number of molecular markers for biological aging have been identified, including telomere length (TL). Excessive telomere shortening is an index of senescence, causes genomic instability and is associated with a higher risk of age-related diseases. Furthermore, TL shortening is associated with the similar environmental and lifestyle exposures associated with NTD risk. RESULTS Embryonic mice deficient in the telomerase gene show shorter TL and failure of closure of the neural tube as the main defect, suggesting that this developmental process is among the most sensitive to telomere loss and chromosomal instability. CONCLUSIONS From this background, we hypothesize that preconceptional long term exposure to harmful environmental and lifestyle risk factors accelerates a woman's aging process, which can be measured by TL, and thereby her underlying risk of NTD offspring. Alternatively, it might be that women with an increased NTD risk already exhibit a more advanced biological age before the onset of pregnancy compared to women of identical calendar age. © 2020 The Authors. Birth Defects Research published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and early predictive factors of the development of protuberant umbilicus in pediatric umbilical hernia patients. METHODS In this retrospective visual and chart review, patients younger than 3 months with umbilical hernias who initially visited Ina Central Hospital from April 2011 to March 2017 and were followed until they started to walk (at the age of 1 year) were evaluated. The umbilici of the patients at the age of 1 year were classified into two types based on the appearance concave and protuberant umbilici. Single-factor and logistic regression analyses of the association between the appearance of the umbilicus at the age of 1 year and various clinical data were performed. RESULTS Of the 103 patients, 72% had concave umbilici, and 28% had protuberant umbilici. Single-factor analysis showed significant differences in the umbilical shapes at the initial visit (p less then 0.001) and straining habit (p less then 0.001). The most ideal logistic regression model demonstrated that umbilici of the highly inflated balloon type (odds ratio, 27.00; 95% confidence interval odds ratio, 5.60-130.08) and crescent type (odds ratio, 14.34; 95% confidence interval odds ratio, 4.22-48.77) were more likely to develop into protuberant umbilici. CONCLUSIONS Umbilical shapes at the initial visit can be used to predict the future development of protuberant umbilici in pediatric patients with umbilical hernias. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Evidence reports have detailed the shocking lack of high quality data regarding treatment outcomes for uterine fibroids. Moreover, despite the high risk of having new fibroid symptoms following an initial fibroid surgery, we have even less information on outcomes for secondary procedures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A rare developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID) syndrome with craniofacial dysmorphisms and autistic features, termed White-Sutton syndrome (WHSUS, MIM#614787), has been recently described, identifying truncating mutations in the chromatin regulator POGZ (KIAA0461, MIM#614787). We describe a further WHSUS patient harboring a novel nonsense de novo POGZ variant, which afflicts a protein domain with transposase activity less frequently impacted by mutational events (DDE domain). This patient displays additional physical and behavioral features, these latter mimicking Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS, MIM#182290). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hc-030031.html selleck products] Considering sleep-wake cycle anomalies and abnormal behavior manifested by this boy, we reinforced the clinical resemblance between WHSUS and SMS, being both chromatinopathies. In addition, using the DeepGestalt technology, we identified a different facial overlap between WHSUS patients with mutations in the DDE domain (Group 1) and individuals harboring variants in other protein domains/regions (Group 2).