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Western blotting was used to determine the extent of Akt and eNOS phosphorylation.<br /><br /> Contrary to PA that caused an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and attenuated NO production, CSE readjusted the NO/ROS ratio within 12h. CSE improved the metabolic arm of the insulin signaling pathway by up-regulating the insulin-stimulated phospho-eNOS Ser1177/total eNOS and phospho-Akt Thr308/total Akt ratios and decreased ET-1 levels.<br /><br /> CSE ameliorated the PA-induced endothelial dysfunction not only by its anti-ROS property but also by selectively enhancing the protective arm and diminishing the injurious arm of insulin signaling pathways.<br /><br />CSE ameliorated the PA-induced endothelial dysfunction not only by its anti-ROS property but also by selectively enhancing the protective arm and diminishing the injurious arm of insulin signaling pathways.<br /><br /> This in vitro study aimed to investigate whether human periodontal ligament stem cells isolated from impacted third molars can modify the maturation and phenotype of monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with GAD-65 obtained from patients with type 1 diabetes.<br /><br /> Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been found to display cell surface marker characteristics similar to bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSCs). The immunosuppressive effects on dendritic cells (DCs), T and B cells as well as their low immunogenicity allow the use of PDLSCs in stem cell therapies for autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/netarsudil-ar-13324.html selleckchem] Studies on the immunomodulatory potential of PDLSCs in the context type 1 diabetes are lacking but are therefore worth pursuing.<br /><br /> CD14 + monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) of type 1 diabetic patients were differentiated into immature Dendritic Cells (iDCs) and then maturation was induced to generate Mature Dendritic Cells (mDCs). The mDCs were pulseimmune destruction seen in T1D as they exerted an immunosuppressive effect on monocyte derived mDCs from patients with T1D. Additional studies should be conducted to further reveal the immunomodulatory and suppressive properties of PDLSCs and their potential use in immunotherapy for this disease.<br /><br />The current in vitro study provides strong evidence that PDLSCs seem to be a very promising source for overcoming the autoimmune destruction seen in T1D as they exerted an immunosuppressive effect on monocyte derived mDCs from patients with T1D. Additional studies should be conducted to further reveal the immunomodulatory and suppressive properties of PDLSCs and their potential use in immunotherapy for this disease.<br /><br /> Healthy sleep habits have an important role in normal cognitive function, emotional performance, and well-being. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of sleep among university students in Iran. In addition, we assessed the relationship between lifestyle and anthropometric factors with the sleep characteristics.<br /><br /> This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the data of "Mental and Physical Health Assessment of University Students in Iran" survey 2012-2013. This survey was conducted on newly admitted students in 74 public universities in 28 provinces. The participants were younger adults. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to recognize associated factors with sleep pattern and range.<br /><br /> Of total 78,848 students who completed the survey, 54.64% (<br /><br /> = 43,079) were females. The average age of the students was 21.53 ± 4.08 and 21.54 ± 3.99 among males and females, respectively. More than 90% (<br /><br /> = 70,923), were non-smokers. Out of the total respondents, 40.56% (<br /><br /> = 31,756) had irregular sleep pattern. Male students were less likely to have irregular sleep pattern than female students.<br /><br /> Our findings indicated that irregular sleep pattern is associated with overweight and obesity. So, these results underscore the need to educate students on importance of healthy sleep pattern and duration on health conditions.<br /><br />Our findings indicated that irregular sleep pattern is associated with overweight and obesity. So, these results underscore the need to educate students on importance of healthy sleep pattern and duration on health conditions.<br /><br /> Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common and troublesome complication of diabetes mellitus. It affects almost half the population with diabetes and worsens quality of life of the patient. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and associated pain in patients with diabetes mellitus.<br /><br /> This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of six months. Patient's ≥ 18years with confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Patients with hypothyroidism, medical illness such as cancer, liver or renal disease, cervical or lumbar spondylosis, pregnant patients with diabetes and patients receiving any treatment that might influence nerve function (e.g., cytotoxic or antiepileptic agents) were excluded from the study. DPN was diagnosed using 10g monofilament test. The S-LANSS questionnaire was used to assess the associated painful symptoms. Association was calculated using chi-square test. A p- value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v22.<br /><br /> The overall prevalence of DPN was found to be 28.85% from which 88% patients were found to have painful symptoms. A significant association of DPN was observed with the duration of diabetes (<br /><br />  = 0.004), poor glycaemic control (<br /><br />  = 0.03) and other diabetic complications such as nephropathy (<br /><br />  = 0.002). No association of neuropathy was found with retinopathy and hypertension. Duration of diabetes (&gt;15years), and HbA1c (&gt;9%) was found to be positively associated the painful DPN.<br /><br /> The current study found a high prevalence of DPN and it was found to be significantly associated with duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control and nephropathy.<br /><br />The current study found a high prevalence of DPN and it was found to be significantly associated with duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control and nephropathy.