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Premature senescence of renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC), which is involved in kidney fibrosis, is a key event in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the role and mechanism of decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) in kidney fibrosis and the senescent phenotype of RTEC. DcR2 was specifically expressed in senescent RTEC and associated with kidney fibrosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy and mice with streptozotocin-induced with diabetic nephropathy. Knockdown of DcR2 decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, fibronectin and serum creatinine levels in streptozotocin-induced mice. DcR2 knockdown also inhibited the expression of senescent markers p16, p21, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and senescence-associated heterochromatic foci and promoted the secretion of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype including IL-6, TGF-β1, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in vitro and in vivo. However, DcR2 overexpression showed the opposite effects. Quantitative proteomics and validation studies revealed that DcR2 interacted with peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), which regulated the cell cycle and senescence. Knockdown of PRDX1 upregulated p16 and cyclin D1 while downregulating cyclin-dependent kinase 6 expression in vitro, resulting in RTEC senescence. Furthermore, PRDX1 knockdown promoted DcR2-induced p16, cyclin D1, IL-6, and TGF-β1 expression, whereas PRDX1 overexpression led to the opposite results. Subsequently, DcR2 regulated PRDX1 phosphorylation, which could be inhibited by the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Thus, DcR2 mediated the senescent phenotype of RTEC and kidney fibrosis by interacting with PRDX1. Hence, DcR2 may act as a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy progression.In many cases of chronic kidney disease, the cause of disease remains unknown despite a thorough nephrologic workup. Genetic testing has revolutionized many areas of medicine and promises to empower diagnosis and targeted management of such cases of kidney disease of unknown etiology. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bsj-4-116.html selleck products] Recent studies using genetic testing have demonstrated that Mendelian etiologies account for approximately 20% of cases of kidney disease of unknown etiology. Although genetic testing has significant benefits, including tailoring of therapy, informing targeted workup, detecting extrarenal disease, counseling patients and families, and redirecting care, it also has important limitations and risks that must be considered.<br /><br /> This study aimed to investigate factors associated with postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) focusing on intraoperative hypotension and blood loss volume.<br /><br /> This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing pancreas surgery between January 2013 and December 2018. The primary outcome was AKI within 7 days after surgery and the secondary outcome was the length of hospital stay. Multivariate analysis was used to determine explanatory factors associated with AKI; the interaction between the integrated value of hypotension and blood loss volume was evaluated. The differences in length of hospital stay were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test.<br /><br /> Of 274 patients, 22 patients had experienced AKI. The cube root of the area under intraoperative mean arterial pressure of &lt; 65 mmHg (Odds Ratio = 1.21; 95% Confidence Interval 1.01-1.45; p = 0.038) and blood loss volume of &gt; 500 mL (Odds Ratio = 3.81; 95% Confidence Interval 1.51-9.58; p = 0.005) were independently associated with acute kidney injury. The interaction between mean arterial hypotension and the blood loss volume in relation to acute kidney injury indicated that the model was significant (p &lt; 0.0001) with an interaction effect (p = 0.0003). AKI was not significantly related with the length of hospital stay (19 vs. 28 days, p = 0.09).<br /><br /> The area under intraoperative hypotension and blood loss volume of &gt; 500 mL was associated with postoperative AKI. However, if the mean arterial pressure is maintained even in patients with large blood loss volume, the risk of developing postoperative AKI is comparable with that in patients with small blood loss volume.<br /><br /> 500 mL was associated with postoperative AKI. However, if the mean arterial pressure is maintained even in patients with large blood loss volume, the risk of developing postoperative AKI is comparable with that in patients with small blood loss volume.<br /><br /> There are various approaches to perform an ultrasound guided Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB). The lateral, posterior, anterior or trans muscular and subcostal paramedian are the various approaches described for performing a QLB. Each of these blocks are aimed to achieve a maximum spread with high volume and low concentration of local anesthetics.<br /><br /> In this novel approach a curvilinear ultrasound probe was used with the patient lying in supine position. The probe was placed longitudinally in the mid axillary line to visualize Quadratus Lumborum Muscle (QLM) in the coronal plane. The needle was then introduced from cranial to caudal direction and catheters were inserted in the Anterior Thoracolumbar Fascia (ATLF) up to a distance of4-5cm in 24 patients for an anterior approach to acetabulum fractures. The needle tip and the Local Anesthetic (LA) spread was visible in all patients. All patients except4had excellent perioperative pain relief considering stable hemodynamics and VAS2-3/10 for the first48hours. All patients received 1g intravenous paracetamol each 8hours. VAS in postoperative period was 2-3/10, in 20/24patients. In the postoperative period, 4patients complained of persistent pain, requiring intravenous fentanyl boluses and multimodal analgesia. Mean VAS score was 2.87from 0-12hours, 3.14from 12-24hours, and 3.35from 24-48hours. There were no block-related complications in any patient.<br /><br /> The supine midaxillary coronal approach to anterior QLB is an effective and feasible approach to QLB which can be performed in supine position.<br /><br />The supine midaxillary coronal approach to anterior QLB is an effective and feasible approach to QLB which can be performed in supine position.