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Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens, known to cause severe economic losses. Vaccination against IB virus (IBV) is an important control measure against the disease. The objective of the present study was to test Avishield IB GI-13, the vaccine candidate against IBV, strain V-173/11 (GI-13 genotype), according to European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) efficacy requirements. Laboratory study on specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens showed 100% protection against challenge 10 days after vaccination of 1-7 day-old chickens by three recommended routes. Duration of immunity was shown to be at least 8 weeks after vaccination. Chickens with maternally derived antibodies (MDA) were 100% protected against challenge 21 and 35 days after vaccination. Testing of the vaccine candidate in field conditions on commercial broiler and layer farms showed 80-90% protection against homologous challenge after spray (broilers and layers) or oral (broilers) vaccine administration. Serum antibodies were monitored during the studies, and although good seroconversion was observed in MDA-positive chickens 34 days after vaccination or later, the data from SPF chickens indicate that non-humoral immunity is important in protection against challenge. Neutralizing antibodies in tears were detected, however, their level could not be fully linked with individual protection scores. A cross-protection study showed that administration of the combination of Avishield IB H120 vaccine and Avishield IB GI-13 vaccine candidate at day 1, confers good protection against heterologous QX-like challenge. Stability of the vaccine after reconstitution in 0.2% skimmed milk solution or distilled water at room temperature was confirmed over the period of 3 h. The vaccine candidate fully complied with Ph. Eur. requirements, with very good protection levels, indicating that it can be administered already at 1 day of age by spray at the hatchery or at 7 days of age by drinking water on the farm.Background Acute sinusitis is the most common diagnosis in online health care delivery and is the diagnosis most associated with antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient setting. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of managing sinusitis through e-visit in terms of antibiotic prescribing and follow-up rates. Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate whether e-visits for the management of acute sinusitis have equivalent clinical outcomes for patients when compared with face-to-face (F2F) visits and nurse-administered phone protocols in terms of antibiotic prescriptions and follow-up rates. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on empaneled primary care patients between the ages of 18 and 75 years who had a clinical encounter for acute sinusitis at Mayo Clinic Rochester through e-visit, retail health clinic, or phone protocol. Initial antibiotic prescribing rates and follow-up rates for each encounter type were compared. Results Both e-visit and phone protocol sinusitis encounters were less likely to result in initial treatment with an antibiotic than an F2F visit (84/150 [56%] e-visit, 92/150 [61%] phone, 108/150 [72%]; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in follow-up rate between e-visits and F2F (27/150 [18%] vs. 21/150 [14%]; p = 0.34), and e-visits had significantly fewer follow-up visits than phone protocol (27/150 [18%] vs. 53/150 [35%]; p less then 0.001). Conclusions e-Visits are an effective modality to care for patients with acute sinusitis, offering equivalent or lower treatment and follow-up rates than more traditional avenues such as F2F visit at a retail clinic and phone protocol.Objective Suicide is a complex phenomenon, with numerous factors contributing to an individual's risk of suicide. The aim of the present study was to explore how risk and protective factors for suicide interact with one another in a network sense and to determine which factors were most central to a network of these factors. Method Using an online survey, cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 515 individuals who lived in New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Participants were recruited through either social media or Prolific Academic. A network of 18 risk and protective factors for suicide was estimated using network analysis. Analyses were preregistered on the Open Science Framework. Results Factors that had the highest strength centrality were feeling depressed, feeling hopeless, perceived burdensomeness, self-esteem, and social support. Factors that were directly associated with suicidal ideation included feeling depressed, perceived burdensomeness, feeling hopeless, self-esteem, resilience, access to mental health services and a positive attitude toward these services. Conclusion This research demonstrates the importance of examining protective factors as well as risk factors when estimating an individual's suicide risk. The results suggest that interventions targeting depression may be particularly beneficial in reducing suicide risk, but further longitudinal research is required. HIGHLIGHTS The network analyses estimated depression to be the most central risk factor. Depression and perceived burdensomeness were risk factors for suicidal ideation. Self-esteem and resilience were protective against suicidal ideation.Significance Hair follicles are complex miniorgans that reside in the dermal layer of the skin. When the skin is wounded, epidermal stem cells in the hair follicle activate and start migrating into the wound site, differentiating into epidermal cells. and contributing to the reepithelialization of the wound. The hair follicles represent the deepest epidermal elements in the skin, which are extremely beneficial in partial-thickness burns and abrasions where the skin can regenerate from the hair follicles. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alantolactone.html Alantolactone solubility dmso] Recent Advances Advanced animal models have demonstrated that the contribution of epidermal stem cells in the hair follicle bulge and isthmus regions is important for wound healing. In addition, several clinical studies have shown successful harvesting and transplantation of hair follicles as a treatment modality to accelerate wound healing. Critical Issues Deep and large wounds require hospitalization and, without exception, surgical treatment. Harvesting and direct transplantation of hair follicles could provide a great source of autologous epidermal stem cells for wound healing.