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ty after SAR is comparable with primary AAA-repair. BACKGROUND Distal bypass is the optimal treatment for patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). However, effectiveness of redo distal bypass (rDB) after failed initial distal bypass (iDB) remains uncertain. This study aimed to analyze long-term results of rDB for CLI. METHODS Patients undergoing rDB for CLI from 2009 to 2018 at a single institute were retrospectively reviewed. Operative details, primary and secondary patency, survival rate, major amputation free rate, and risk factors affecting patency were analyzed. The distal runoff was evaluated using the infrapopliteal Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) grade (0 to 4 0 represents good runoff and 4 represents the poorest runoff). RESULTS Out of 310 iDB (251 patients), 46 rDB were performed in 44 patients 27 men, mean age 75 ± 10 years, diabetes mellitus 77%, chronic renal failure with hemodialysis 45%. Only the autologous veins were used in distal bypasses a great saphenous vein (GSV) in 28 (57%), a small saphenous vein in 13 (27%), an arm vein the late group vs. 61% in the early group). CONCLUSIONS Patency of rDB was significantly lower than that of iDB partly because of less use of the GSV and poorer runoff. Because survival and graft patency after rDB was low, rDB should be a suboptimal treatment especially in patients with early graft occlusion within 6 months after iDB. OBJECTIVES Infected false aneurysms (IFA) caused by intravenous drug abuse are uncommon but challenging lesions. The best approach for the surgical management of this condition is still unknown. The aim is to present a single-center 14-year experience in the IFA treatment in intravenous drug abusers, thus providing additional data regarding the treatment options and outcome in these patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 32 consecutive patients with vascular injuries secondary to intravenous drug abuse, during the period from January 2004 to April 2018 was performed. Data of interest were extracted from patients' medical history records, anaesthesia charts and data base implemented in daily practice, or were obtained by personal contact. The diagnosis was set based on history, physical exam and/or color dopler sonography (CDS), multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MDCT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The outcome included graft patency, limb amputation and mortality. RESULTS During study period, 32 heroin abusers, predominantly males (81%) were surgically treated due to vascular injuries, with mean age of 35.2. The vast majority of patients have had an injury of the lower extremity blood vessels (84.3%) and the common femoral artery was the most common site of injury (59.4%). Three quarters of patients underwent resection of the false aneurysm and ligation of the artery without reconstruction of the blood vessel. In seven cases (21.9%) arterial reconstruction was performed with overall failure rate of 42.86%. The overall mortality rate was 6.25% and the rate of extremity salvage was 96.7%. CONCLUSIONS The best treatment option is yet to be found, but based on the results of the present study ligation of affected artery without revascularization seems to be an efficient, safe and optimal treatment method, with minor risk of the extremity loss. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ulonivirine.html click here] OBJECTIVES Historically, carotid procedures incur a readmission rate of approximately 6%, however, these studies are not nationally representative and are limited to tracking only the index hospitals. We sought to to evaluate a nationally representative database for readmission rates (including different hospitals) after both CEA and CAS, and determine risk factors for poor-outcomes including post-operative mortality, and myocardial infarction. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis utilizing the 2010-2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database to query patients ages &gt;18 years of age undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS). Outcomes included initial admission mortality, and 30- day readmission, including mortality and myocardial infarction (MI). Univariable analysis of thirty-nine demographic, clinical, and hospital variables was conducted with significance set at p less then 0.05. Significant variables were included in a multivariable logistic regression to identify indepech was also an independent risk factor for post-operative mortality and readmissions. Further validation is required to decrease unnecessary hospital after carotid procedures. Little or nothing is known about the correlation between the upper limb deep vein thrombosis (UL-DVT) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the increased risk of UL-DVT in 3 patients with SARS-CoV-2 who require continuous positive airway pressure with a hood and the need for early adequate antithrombotic prophylaxis. The endovascular repair of subclavian aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms is now widely adopted. However, controversies still prevail in the management of dominant vertebral arteries originating close to aneurysms, as coverage of the vertebral artery might be complicated by either endoleaks or ischemic events. Here, we present a rare case of multiple aneurysmal lesions involving the right subclavian artery and bilateral internal carotid arteries treated by way of a total endovascular method using parallel stent grafts for the simultaneous exclusion of a subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm and flow preservation of the adjacent vertebral artery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the use of this technique for the endovascular repair of juxta-vertebral subclavian artery pseudoaneurysms. PURPOSE Determine the utility of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) in assessing limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). METHODS Twenty-six eyes of 24 LSCD patients, classified clinically into stage I, II and III, and 12 eyes of 12 healthy subjects were included. AS-OCTA images were analyzed by two masked observers measuring the maximum corneal vascular extension (CoVE), from the limbus to the furthest vessel over the cornea, and corneal vascular thickness (CoVT), from the most superficial to the deepest corneal vessel. RESULTS CoVE was 0.27 ± 0.10, 0.79 ± 0.21, 1.68 ± 0.89 and 2.53 ± 0.82 mm in controls, stage I, II and III LSCD, respectively (p 0.900). CONCLUSION LSCD demonstrates significant changes in CoVE and CoVT as early as stage I LSCD in comparison to controls. CoVE and CoVT strongly correlate to both disease severity and BCVA. AS-OCTA may provide novel quantitative and noninvasive parameters to assess LSCD.