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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high cardiovascular risk. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/deferiprone.html click here] Prevalence of hypertension and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) increases with CKD progression. Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular complications. This cross-sectional study investigated the link between the diurnal BP profile and HMOD in nondiabetic CKD G1-G3b patients.<br /><br /> We investigated 109 CKD patients and 41 apparently healthy persons as controls. All subjects underwent 24-ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiography with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) calculation and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement.<br /><br /> Hypertension was present in 84% of CKD patients. SBP-24 and DBP-24, SBP-day and DBP-day did not differ between CKD and controls. Significant differences were found in SBP-night and DBP-night. The nondipping BP profile (SBP-night/SBP-day ratio ≥0.9) was found in 62% of CKD patients and 32% of controls (P &lt; 0.005). Nocturnal hypertension was found in 56% of CKD patients. LVMI was higher in CKD compared to controls, higher in nondipping than dipping CKD patients, and higher in patients with nocturnal hypertension than without nocturnal hypertension. Abnormal left ventricular geometry was found in 72% nondipping and 43% dipping CKD patients. PWV was higher in CKD than in controls, in patients with nocturnal hypertension than without nocturnal hypertension but did not differ between CKD nondippers and dippers.<br /><br /> The nondipping BP profile and nocturnal hypertension are associated with HMOD in G1-G3b CKD patients. Hence, there is a need for more extensive use of ABPM for individual risk assessment and personalization of antihypertensive treatment in CKD patients.<br /><br />The nondipping BP profile and nocturnal hypertension are associated with HMOD in G1-G3b CKD patients. Hence, there is a need for more extensive use of ABPM for individual risk assessment and personalization of antihypertensive treatment in CKD patients.<br /><br /> Hypertension-induced end-organ damage is one of the important determinants of morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension. All types of hypertension-induced end-organ damages start with vascular damage. Vascular calcification is a marker of vascular damage and aortic arch calcification (AAC) is one of the easily identifiable types of vascular calcification. We hypothesized that AAC predicts retinopathy in hypertensive patients.<br /><br /> Consecutive hypertensive patients without diabetes mellitus were included. Chest radiography in the posterior-anterior was used to assess the presence of AAC. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination for retinopathy.<br /><br /> We included 495 hypertensive patients in this study. Of these, 306 (62%) had hypertensive retinopathy. Patients with hypertensive retinopathy had significantly higher prevalence of AAC as compared to the patients without hypertensive retinopathy (88% vs. 22%, P &lt; 0.001). We found a strong and positive correlation between hypertensive retinopathy and AAC grades (r = 639, P &lt; 0.001). Receiver operator characteristics curve analysis yielded a strong predictive ability of AAC for the presence of hypertensive retinopathy [area under curve = 0.814, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.775-0.853, P &lt; 0.0001]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, presence of AAC [odds ratio (OR) 13.128; CI 7.894-21.832] and serum glucose levels (OR 1.020; CI 1.003-1.037) were strongly and independently associated with hypertensive retinopathy.<br /><br /> Presence of AAC on chest radiograph is strongly and independently associated with retinopathy in nondiabetic hypertensive patients. This simple, inexpensive and widely available tool may help in early detection of retinopathy in patients with hypertension.<br /><br />Presence of AAC on chest radiograph is strongly and independently associated with retinopathy in nondiabetic hypertensive patients. This simple, inexpensive and widely available tool may help in early detection of retinopathy in patients with hypertension.<br /><br /> Key populations (KP) including men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and their clients are disproportionately affected by HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. We estimated the evolving impact of past interventions and contribution of unmet HIV prevention/treatment needs of key populations and lower-risk groups to HIV transmission.<br /><br /> Yaoundé, Cameroon.<br /><br /> We parametrized and fitted a deterministic HIV transmission model to Yaoundé-specific demographic, behavioral, HIV, and intervention coverage data in a Bayesian framework. We estimated the fraction of incident HIV infections averted by condoms and antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the fraction of all infections over 10-year periods directly and indirectly attributable to sex within and between each risk group.<br /><br /> Condom use and ART together may have averted 43% (95% uncertainty interval 31-54) of incident infections over 1980-2018 and 72% (66-79) over 2009-2018. Most onward transmissions over 2009-2018 stemmed from sex between lower-risk individualsces that successfully reduced transmissions in the context of commercial sex.<br /><br /> Effective condom use is a critical intervention to limit the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, particularly among individuals in high-risk networks who practice anal sex. We characterized condom failures in cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women in Nigeria.<br /><br /> The TRUST/RV368 cohort provided condoms, compatible lubricants, and safer sex education to men who have sex with men and transgender women at community-engaged health centers in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria.<br /><br /> Participants completed structured interview questions about condom usage and failure every 3-6 months. Robust Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for prespecified factors potentially associated with condom failure in the previous month.<br /><br /> From September 2013 to September 2019, 2221 of 2737 participants (81.1%) reported condom use for anal sex with a male partner in the last month, and 305 (13.7%) reported condom failure during this time. Multivariate analyses demonstrated an increased risk of condom failure at postenrollment visits, as well as in participants who reported frequent Internet use, 2 or more casual sexual partners, and 2-4 main sexual partners. Those who cohabited with a woman had reduced risk.<br /><br /> Condom failure was common in this population despite freely available condoms, compatible lubrication, and education. Increased risk of condom failure over time could reflect message fatigue a ceiling for effective condom use, or new uptake of condoms by inexperienced users.<br /><br />Condom failure was common in this population despite freely available condoms, compatible lubrication, and education. Increased risk of condom failure over time could reflect message fatigue a ceiling for effective condom use, or new uptake of condoms by inexperienced users.<br /><br /> To engage community members with opioid use disorder (OUD) and case managers working with pregnant and parenting individuals with OUD in a priority setting process to identify the key priorities for research, policy, and care improvement during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum.<br /><br /> We conducted focus groups across Washington State with pregnant and parenting people with OUD and with case managers working with this community as part of research priority setting using the validated Research Prioritization by Affected Communities protocol. Priorities for research, policy, and service improvement were developed during each focus group by the participants.<br /><br /> Three focus groups with pregnant and parenting people with OUD and 2 focus groups with case managers were conducted (total N = 24 and 16, respectively). Both prioritized topics such as stigma and bias, housing, access to treatment, and steps toward successful recovery. The community and case manager groups shared similar, complementary strategies for each priority, with differences reflecting their perspectives in relation to OUD.<br /><br /> Community-engaged priority setting among those with OUD was an effective and meaningful way to guide future research, policy, and care improvement efforts.<br /><br />Community-engaged priority setting among those with OUD was an effective and meaningful way to guide future research, policy, and care improvement efforts.<br /><br /> Case reports of fatal overdoses involving the novel synthetic opioid isotonitazene have prompted the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration to consider an emergency scheduling of the drug in June 2020. We aimed to epidemiologically characterize deaths involving isotonitazene.<br /><br /> We conducted a case control study using publicly available mortality records from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020 in Cook County, IL and Milwaukee County, WI. Cases (all deaths involving isotonitazene) and controls (all deaths involving other synthetic opioids) were compared on demographic characteristics, number of substances involved in fatal overdose, and co-involvement of other substances.<br /><br /> We identified 40 fatal overdoses involving isotonitazene and 981 fatal overdoses involving other synthetic opioids. Isotonitazene deaths involved a significantly greater number of substances, and were significantly more likely to involve the designer benzodiazepine flualprazolam.<br /><br /> Isotonitazene was involved in a substantial minority of synthetic opioid overdose deaths in the first 7 months of 2020. Future studies characterizing its prevalence in other markets are warranted. Emergence of highly potent novel synthetic opioids underscore the need for comprehensive health services for people with opioid use disorder.<br /><br />Isotonitazene was involved in a substantial minority of synthetic opioid overdose deaths in the first 7 months of 2020. Future studies characterizing its prevalence in other markets are warranted. Emergence of highly potent novel synthetic opioids underscore the need for comprehensive health services for people with opioid use disorder.<br /><br /> In the era of highly potent illicit opioids, such as fentanyl and carfentanil, injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) is an effective treatment for those with severe and treatment-refractory opioid use disorder. Untreated opioid use disorder in pregnancy can lead to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. There are currently limited reports on the use of iOAT in pregnant women. The in-patient setting may provide an opportunity to pregnant women for stabilization with iOAT where first line therapies have been ineffective.<br /><br /> We report a case of a pregnant individual who engaged in daily intravenous fentanyl who was admitted to the hospital at 29 weeks gestation for stabilization with iOAT, methadone, and slow-release oral morphine. Before admission, she endured 6 opioid overdoses in her pregnancy and continued to use illicit intravenous opioids in the community despite high dose methadone combined with slow-release oral morphine. Her withdrawal symptoms and cravings were ameliorated with hydromorphone 90 mg IM/IV BID, methadone 135 mg daily, and morphine sulfate sustained release 600 mg daily. With this regimen, she was able to reduce her intravenous fentanyl use to a single episode during her hospitalization. She completed her pregnancy in hospital, delivering a full-term live infant after receiving comprehensive prenatal care.<br /><br /> This case report highlights iOAT as an option during pregnancy and describes the in-patient setting as appropriate to retain high-risk patients in care. This approach may benefit those who are refractory to standard opioid agonist treatment, the numbers of whom may be rising as tolerance to the illicit supply increases.<br /><br />This case report highlights iOAT as an option during pregnancy and describes the in-patient setting as appropriate to retain high-risk patients in care. This approach may benefit those who are refractory to standard opioid agonist treatment, the numbers of whom may be rising as tolerance to the illicit supply increases.