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Their administration in the lungs did not recapitulate all the effects of 25-OHC. Conversely, in a model of allergic asthma induced by intranasal administration of house dust mites (HDM), 25-OHC levels were decreased, and when intranasally administered, this oxysterol worsened the hallmarks of the model (eg, leukocyte recruitment, tissue remodeling [epithelium thickening and peribranchial fibrosis], and cytokine expression) and induced changes in leukotriene levels. Ex vivo, we found that 25-OHC decreases LPS-induced primary alveolar macrophage activation while having no effect on neutrophil activation. Its sulfated metabolite, 25-hydroxycholesterol-3-sulfate, decreased neutrophil, but not macrophage activation. Taken together, our data support a differential role of 25-OHC in ALI and allergic inflammation models.It is of great significance to mediate the redox kinetics and shuttle effect of polysulfides in pursuit of high-energy-density and long-life lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, a new strategy is proposed based on the electrostatic attraction and catalytic effect of polysulfides for the modification of the polypropylene (PP) separator. Guanidinium-based ionic-covalent organic nanosheets (iCON) on the surface of Ti3 C2 is presented as a coating layer for the PP separator. The synergetic effects of Ti3 C2 and iCON provide new platforms to suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides, expedite the redox kinetics of sulfur species, and promote efficient conversion of the intercepted polysulfides. The functional separator endows carbon nanotube/sulfur cathodes with excellent electrochemical performance. The average capacity decay per cycle within 2000 cycles at 2 C is as low as 0.006%. The separator is even effective in the case of sulfur content of 90 wt% and sulfur loading of 7.6 mg cm-2 ; the reversible capacity, areal capacity, and volumetric capacity at 0.1 C are as high as 1186 mA h g-1 , 9.01 mA h cm-2 , and 1201 mA h cm-3 , respectively. This work provides a promising approach toward separator modification for the development of high-performance Li-S batteries.The ability of photoanodes to simultaneously tailor light absorption, charge separation, and water oxidation processes represents an important endeavor toward highly efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here, a robust strategy is reported to render markedly improved PEC water splitting via sandwiching a photothermal Co3 O4 layer between a BiVO4 photoanode film and an FeOOH/NiOOH electrocatalyst sheet. The deposited Co3 O4 layer manifests compelling photothermal effect upon near-infrared irradiation and raises the temperature of the photoanodes in situ, leading to extended light absorption, enhanced charge transfer, and accelerated water oxidation kinetics simultaneously. The judiciously designed NiOOH/FeOOH/Co3 O4 /BiVO4 photoanode renders a superior photocurrent density of 6.34 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible reference electrode (VRHE ) with outstanding applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 2.72% at 0.6 VRHE . In addition to the metal oxide, a wide variety of metal sulfides, nitrides, and phosphides (e.g., CoS, CoN, and CoP) can be exploited as the heaters to yield high-performance BiVO4 -based photoanodes. Apart from BiVO4 , other metal oxides (e.g., Fe2 O3 and TiO2 ) can also be covered by photothermal materials to impart significantly promoted water splitting. This simple yet general strategy provides a unique platform to capitalize on their photothermal characteristics to engineer high-performing energy conversion and storage materials and devices.Topological magnets comprising 2D magnetic layers with Curie temperatures (TC ) exceeding room temperature are key for dissipationless quantum transport devices. However, the identification of a material with 2D ferromagnetic planes that exhibits an out-of-plane-magnetization remains a challenge. This study reports a ferromagnetic, topological, nodal-line, and semimetal MnAlGe composed of square-net Mn layers that are separated by nonmagnetic Al-Ge spacers. The 2D ferromagnetic Mn layers exhibit an out-of-plane magnetization below TC ≈ 503 K. Density functional calculations demonstrate that 2D arrays of Mn atoms control the electrical, magnetic, and therefore topological properties in MnAlGe. The unique 2D distribution of the Berry curvature resembles the 2D Fermi surface of the bands that form the topological nodal line near the Fermi energy. A large anomalous Hall conductivity of ≈700 S cm-1 is obtained at 2 K and related to this nodal-line-induced 2D Berry curvature distribution. The high transition temperature, large anisotropic out-of-plane magnetism, and natural heterostructure-type atomic arrangements consisting of magnetic Mn and nonmagnetic Al/Ge elements render nodal-line MnAlGe one of the few, unique, and layered topological ferromagnets that have ever been observed.Intestinal development is compromised in low birth weight (LBW) pigs, negatively impacting their growth, health, and resilience. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of the altered intestinal maturation observed in neonatal and juvenile LBW female piglets by comparing the changes in intestinal morphology, gene expression, and methylation in LBW versus normal birth weight (NBW) female piglets. A total of 16 LBW/NBW sibling pairs were sacrificed at 0 hours, 8 hours, 10 days, and 8 weeks of age. The gastrointestinal tract was weighed, measured, and the small intestine was sampled for histomorphology, gene expression, and methylation analyses. Impaired intestinal development, with shorter villi and shallower crypts, was observed in LBW female piglets. The expression of intestinal development markers (ALPI and OLFM) rapidly peaked after birth in NBW but not in LBW female piglets. The lower expression of genes involved in nutrient digestion (ANPEP and SI) and barrier function (OCLN and CLDN4) in LBW, together with their delayed development of intestinal villi and crypts could help to explain the compromised health and growth potential of LBW female piglets. The changes in methylation observed in LBW in key regulators of intestinal development (OLFM4 and FZD5) suggest long-term effects of BW on intestinal gene expression, development, and function. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ps-1145.html see more] Accordingly, experimental demethylation induced in IPEC-J2 cells led to increased expression of intestinal genes (MGA, DPP4, and GLUT2). Overall, we have identified the alterations in transcription or epigenetic marking at a number of genes critical to intestinal development, which may contribute to both the short- and long-term failure of LBW female piglets to thrive.