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Herpesvirus infections associated with a range of clinical findings are widespread in free-ranging and captive Australian marsupials. We report on herpesviruses identified by virus neutralization and PCR in free-ranging and captive Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos (Dendrolagus lumholtzi). Herpesvirus has not been confirmed previously by DNA testing in tree kangaroos. Virus neutralization testing for alphaherpesviruses MaHV-1 and MaHV-2 was positive on 4/10 captive and 0/35 free-ranging tree-kangaroo samples tested. A novel gammaherpesvirus was found on PCR in 17/20 apparently healthy individuals (11/12 free-ranging, 5/6 wild-caught, captive, and 1/2 captive-bred). One captive-bred animal that died following an acute illness was positive on PCR only for MaHV-4, an alphaherpesvirus previously identified from an Eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). The detection of MaHV-4, associated with morbidity and mortality in captive tree-kangaroos, raises biosecurity concerns about introducing a non-endemic alphaherpesvirus into naive wild populations through release of captive animals. We propose that 1) further work on herpesviruses in marsupials be carried out to determine whether herpesviruses from captive individuals represent a potential threat to wild populations, particularly for endangered species in which there are captive breeding and cross-fostering programs; and 2) that captive tree kangaroos be kept in such a way that prevents cross-species transmission of herpesviruses, in particular eliminating close direct or indirect contact with other species of macropods.We tested coyote (Canis latrans), fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Vulpes vulpes), and raccoon (Procyon lotor) sera for influenza A virus exposure. We found 2/139 samples (1 coyote, 1 raccoon) had IAV antibodies and hemagglutination inhibition assays revealed the antibodies to the 2009/2010 H1N1 human pandemic virus or to the 2007 human seasonal H1N1 virus.Improving disease risk prediction and tailoring preventive interventions to patient risk factors is one of the primary goals of precision medicine. Family health history is the traditional approach to quickly gather genetic and environmental data relevant to the patient. While the utility of family health history is well-documented, its utilization is variable, in part due to lack of patient and provider knowledge and incomplete or inaccurate data. With the advances and reduced costs of sequencing technologies, comprehensive sequencing tests can be performed as a risk assessment tool. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sodium-l-lactate.html compound library chemical] We provide an overview of each of these risk assessment approaches, the benefits and limitations and implementation challenges.A maize-infecting polerovirus variously named maize yellow dwarf virus RMV2 (MYDV-RMV2) and maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) has been discovered and previously described in East Africa, Asia, and South America. It was identified in virus surveys in these locations instigated by outbreaks of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), known to be caused by coinfections of unrelated maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any of several maize-infecting potyviruses, and was often found in coinfections with MLN viruses. Although sequenced in many locations globally and named for symptoms of related or coinfecting viruses, and with an infectious clone reported that experimentally infects Nicotiana benthamiana, rudimentary biological characterization of MaYMV in maize, including insect vector(s) and symptoms in single infections, has not been reported until now. We report isolation from other viruses and leaf tip reddening symptoms in several maize genotypes, along with transmission by two aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Rhopalosiphum maidis. This is important information distinguishing this virus and demonstrating that in single infections it causes symptoms distinct from those of potyviruses or MCMV in maize, and identification of vectors provides an important framework for determination of potential disease impact and management.Aim&nbsp;miRNAs play an important role in breast cancer (BC). Variations in miRNAs influence their maturation, expression and consequently regulation of their target genes. Materials &amp; methods In this study, single nucleotide polymorphism rs11614913 was genotyped in BC patients (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;300) and 230 controls by employing tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR and Sanger sequencing (Macrogen Korea). Results A significant difference was observed in the genotypes through co-dominant&nbsp;(χ2.#x00A0;=&nbsp;42.03; p&nbsp; less then &nbsp;0.0001), additive&nbsp;(odds ratio [OR] =&nbsp;0.6441 [0.4887-0.8490, 95% confidence interval]; p&nbsp; less then &nbsp;0.0019), dominant (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.3996 [0.2809-0.5686], p&nbsp; less then &nbsp;0.0001) and recessive (OR&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.2993 [0.1220-0.7347], p&nbsp; less then &nbsp;0.009) statistical models showed decreased risk association of C allele with BC. Conclusion Females having CT genotype are at higher risk of BC as compared with those having CC genotype.Aim Pulmonary toxicity is a well-known adverse reaction of bleomycin. In this study, we investigated the influence of XPC, PMAIP1/Noxa and TLR4 genetic variants on the development of bleomycin-induced lung injury (BILI) in south Indian patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Materials &amp; methods Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine regimen were recruited for the study and BILI was diagnosed based on symptoms and/or radiological signs. DNA samples were genotyped using real-time PCR. Results A total of 78 patients were recruited in the study and BILI was observed in 17 (21.8%) patients. Polymorphisms in XPC, PMAIP1/Noxa and TLR4 genes were not associated with the development of BILI. Conclusion The selected genetic polymorphisms do not predict the risk of BILI in south Indian population.Mimicking the locomotive abilities of living organisms on the microscale, where the downsizing of rigid parts and circuitry presents inherent problems, is a complex feat. In nature, many soft-bodied organisms (inchworm, leech) have evolved simple, yet efficient locomotion strategies in which reciprocal actuation cycles synchronize with spatiotemporal modulation of friction between their bodies and environment. We developed microscopic (∼100 μm) hydrogel crawlers that move in aqueous environment through spatiotemporal modulation of the friction between their bodies and the substrate. Thermo-responsive poly-n-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogels loaded with gold nanoparticles shrink locally and reversibly when heated photothermally with laser light. The out-of-equilibrium collapse and reswelling of the hydrogel is responsible for asymmetric changes in the friction between the actuating section of the crawler and the substrate. This friction hysteresis, together with off-centered irradiation, results in directional motion of the crawler.