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A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide appeared in 2019. Detailed scientific knowledge of the members of the Coronaviridae family, including the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is currently lacking. Structural studies of the MERS-CoV proteins in the current literature are extremely limited. We present here detailed characterization of the structural properties of MERS-CoV macro domain in aqueous solution. Additionally, we studied the impacts of chosen force field parameters and parallel tempering simulation techniques on the predicted structural properties of MERS-CoV macro domain in aqueous solution. For this purpose, we conducted extensive Hamiltonian-replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations and Temperature-replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations using the CHARMM36m and AMBER99SB parameters for the macro domain. This study shows that the predicted secondary structure properties including their propensities depend on the chosen simulation technique and force field parameter. We perform structural clustering based on the radius of gyration and end-to-end distance of MERS-CoV macro domain in aqueous solution. We also report and analyze the residue-level intrinsic disorder features, flexibility and secondary structure. Furthermore, we study the propensities of this macro domain for protein-protein interactions and for the RNA and DNA binding. Overall, results are in agreement with available nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings and present more detailed insights into the structural properties of MERS CoV macro domain in aqueous solution. All in all, we present the structural properties of the aqueous MERS-CoV macro domain using different parallel tempering simulation techniques, force field parameters and bioinformatics tools.Maintaining Na+ /K+ homeostasis is a critical feature for plant survival under salt stress, which depends on the operation of Na+ and K+ transporters. Although some K+ transporters mediating root K+ uptake have been reported to be essential to the maintenance of Na+ /K+ homeostasis, the effect of K+ long-distance translocation via phloem on plant salt tolerance remains unclear. Here, we provide physiological and genetic evidence of the involvement of phloem-localized OsAKT2 in rice salt tolerance. OsAKT2 is a K+ channel permeable to K+ but not to Na+ . Under salt stress, a T-DNA knock-out mutant, osakt2 and two CRISPR lines showed a more sensitive phenotype and higher Na+ accumulation than wild type. They also contained more K+ in shoots but less K+ in roots, showing higher Na+ /K+ ratios. Disruption of OsAKT2 decreases K+ concentration in phloem sap and inhibits shoot-to-root redistribution of K+ . In addition, OsAKT2 also regulates the translocation of K+ and sucrose from old leaves to young leaves, and affects grain shape and yield. These results indicate that OsAKT2-mediated K+ redistribution from shoots to roots contributes to maintenance of Na+ /K+ homeostasis and inhibition of root Na+ uptake, providing novel insights into the roles of K+ transporters in plant salt tolerance.The bioactive components of Garcinia indica, garcinol (camboginol), and isogarcinol (cambogin), are suitable drug candidates for the treatment of various human diseases. HIV-1-RNase H assay was used to study the RNase H inhibition by garcinol and isogarcinol. Docking of garcinol into the active site of the enzyme was carried out to rationalize the difference in activities between the two compounds. Garcinol showed higher HIV-1-RNase H inhibition than the known inhibitor RDS1759 and retained full potency against the RNase H of a drug-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase form. Isogarcinol was distinctly less active than garcinol, indicating the importance of the enolizable β-diketone moiety of garcinol for anti-RNase H activity. Docking calculations confirmed these findings and suggested this moiety to be involved in the chelation of metal ions of the active site. On the basis of its HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H inhibitory activity, garcinol is worth being further explored concerning its potential as a cost-effective treatment for HIV patients.<br /><br /> This study aimed to investigate whether transgender and non-binary (TGNB) youth prefer health care received in a community-based setting.<br /><br /> All patients aged 12-18 years over a 1-year period presenting for transgender health care to either Tauranga Paediatrics, Maternal Infant Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (MiCAMHS) or Gender Dynamix (a community-based TGNB health service) were invited to complete an anonymous online survey about their experience of health care. Responses were obtained from 39 participants (68.4% response rate).<br /><br /> Overall, patient responses indicated a preference for health care at Gender Dynamix. Adolescents preferred wait times (79%), as well as the physical environment (97%). Respondents felt less stigma in the community-based setting (68%). Information sharing and family and whanau support was high at both Gender Dynamix (94%; 86%) and Tauranga Paediatrics (86%; 86%), and low at MiCAMHS (33%; 32%). Patients were more likely to report being heard at Gender Dynamix (91%). Patients felt respected by staff (Gender Dynamix=100%, Tauranga Paediatrics=79% and MiCAMHS=50%). All three services also had a high quality of health care (Gender Dynamix=94%, Tauranga Paediatrics=64% and MiCAMHS=50%). For respondents who had seen a paediatrician in multiple locations, 100% of respondents preferred to be seen at Gender Dynamix (n= 13).<br /><br /> TGNB youth prefer to receive their health care in a community-based setting.<br /><br />TGNB youth prefer to receive their health care in a community-based setting.<br /><br /> Few studies have evaluated whether pandemic-related stressors, worries, and social distancing have affected the mental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br /><br /> Data came from an online survey of United States pregnant women (n=715), conducted in May 2020. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms, thoughts of self-harm, and moderate or severe anxiety. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the associations of COVID-19 experiences with mental health outcomes.<br /><br /> Participants were racially diverse. The prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes was 36% for probable depression, 20% for thoughts of self-harm, and 22% for anxiety. Women who reported family members dying from COVID-19 had four times higher odds of having thoughts of self-harm than women who did not experience family death. Depression was more prevalent among women who canceled or reduced medical appointments. Women were more likely to have wnt women during pandemic circumstances.Melanoma represents the deadliest skin cancer. Recent therapeutic developments, including targeted and immune therapies have revolutionized clinical management and improved patient outcome. This progress was achieved by rigorous molecular and functional studies followed by robust clinical trials. The identification of key genomic alterations and gene expression profiles have propelled the understanding of distinct characteristics within melanoma subtypes. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the main genetic and epigenetic findings of melanomas and highlight their pathological and therapeutic importance.Although anti-immigrant attitudes continue to be expressed around the world, identifying these attitudes as prejudice, truth or free speech remains contested. This contestation occurs, in part, because of the absence of consensually agreed-upon understandings of what prejudice is. In this context, the current study sought to answer the question, "what do people understand to be prejudice?" Participants read an intergroup attitude expressed by a member of their own group (an "in-group" member) or another group (an "out-group" member). This was followed by an interpretation of the attitude as either "prejudiced" or "free speech." This interpretation was also made by in-group or an out-group member. Subsequent prejudice judgements were influenced only by the group membership of the person expressing the initial attitude the in-group member's attitude was judged to be less prejudiced than the identical attitude expressed by an out-group member. Participants' judgements of free speech, however, were more complex in-group attitudes were seen more as free speech than out-group attitudes, except when an in-group member interpreted those attitudes as prejudice. These data are consistent with the Social Identity Approach to intergroup relations, and have implications for the processes by which intergroup attitudes become legitimised as free speech instead of prejudice.S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6) has been reported to involve in many kinds of cancers through regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis. Previous studies found that S100A6 increased in lung cancer patients' plasma and pleural effusion. This study focused on its function in Calu-6 lung cancer cells. S100A6 gene was transferred into Calu-6 lung cancer cell line by lentivirus vector, the empty vector transfected cells and the blank cells were set as control groups. MTT was evaluating cell proliferation. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lixisenatide.html Lixisenatide agonist] The transwell assay was reflecting cell migration and cell invasion. The flow cytometric analysis was detecting cell apoptosis and cell cycle of three groups (Calu-6, Calu-6/neo, Calu-6/S100A6). Nude mouse tumorigenicity was then applied to evaluate S100A6's effect on cellular tumorigenicity. Compared with control groups, Calu-6/S100A6 cells showed a weakening trend in the cell behaviours of proliferation, migration and invasiveness, while had an enhancement of cell apoptosis, with all P  less then  .05. The cell cycle of Calu-6/S100A6 cells had a reduction of S phase and an increase of G1 phase (P  less then  .05). In animal study, after 5 weeks of cell injection, the tumour bulk of Calu-6/S100A6 group was smaller than controls, with P  less then  .05. Our results demonstrate S100A6 inhibits the growth of Calu-6 lung cancer cells, as well as impairs Calu-6's ability in tumorigenesis. At cellular level, S100A6 is supposed to act as a tumour suppressor gene in lung cancer.<br /><br /> Methotrexate (MTX) is an important agent for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) but needs to be given in big doses by intravenous infusions to achieve therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, co-administration with many drugs may delay the excretion of MTX which may cause serious adverse effects if the serum concentration exceeds 0.1µmol/L 72h after an intravenous infusion.<br /><br /> A 67-year-old Japanese female with PCNSL was treated with high-dose MTX-based chemotherapy. The serum MTX concentration 72h post-infusion was 0.153µmol/L when she was taking levofloxacin (LVFX) but &lt;0.1µmol/L 72h after 4 subsequent infusions when she was not taking LVFX. She was given many other drugs but the timing of the short course of LVFX and the fact that ciprofloxacin also delays MTX excretion suggests that LVFX was the cause.<br /><br /> Co-administration of LVFX may delay the excretion of MTX. Therefore, serum concentrations of MTX should be monitored to help prevent and improve the management of potentially serious MTX drug-drug interaction.