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OBJECTIVE Maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis (MASDO) for cleft and palate patients is the alternative treatment option to correct malocclusion with maxillary arch deficiency and severe crowding. After MASDO, prosthetic considerations are crucial for patients with cleft lip and palate because it is related to facial esthetics and occlusal function. The objectives of this study were to investigate the final restoration type for created alveolar space by MASDO. METHODS Thirteen patients with cleft lip and palate who underwent MASDO and orthodontic treatment from the years 2000 to 2010 in Yonsei University were examined. Final restorations are classified as dental implants, conventional prosthesis, and orthodontic space closure. The relationship between the distracted areas and final restoration type was investigated. The authors evaluated lateral cephalograms obtained at predistraction osteogenesis (pre-DO; T1), postdistraction osteogenesis (post-DO; T2), and debond (T3), and measured changes from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3. RESULTS There was no significant difference of final restoration percentage of dental implants, conventional prosthesis, and space closure with orthodontic treatment. However, dental implants and conventional prostheses were applied more frequently in the posterior area and in the anterior area, respectively. The relapse rate was observed as 36.7% and 22.4% in the values of N-A distance and ANB angulation in T2-T3 stage. CONCLUSION The MASDO site should be decided, based on final restoration goal. Among the created alveolar spaces, implants were applied mainly to the posterior site and the conventional prostheses were mostly restored to the anterior site. For space closure by orthodontic approach, the area could be both anterior or posterior.External jugular vein is formed by joining of posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein and common facial vein drain into internal jugular vein.Variations are not uncommon and these are more often observed in veins than in arteries. Aim of the study is to report the prevalence of unique variation of formation of external jugular vein.Head and neck of 6 cadavers (12 sides) fixed in 10% formalin were dissected in the department of anatomy AIIMS Rishikesh for the variant formation of external jugular vein.Abnormal formation of external jugular vein was detected in 1 cadaver on left side. The mean age of the cadavers was 70 years. The retromandibular vein divided into anterior and posterior divisions 2.5 cm below the angle of mandible. The facial, after travelling for 6 cm below the mandible, along with anterior and posterior divisions abnormally joined to form the external jugular vein. This is unique and rare finding.External jugular vein is used for assessment of venous pressure in right atrium and for catheterization. The variation may give false value of pressure due to facial vein draining into it, also create difficulty in catheterization. In addition to this, these veins are also used for various other procedures like carotid endarterectomy and for oral reconstruction surgeries. Thus facial vein and external jugular vein variations are of paramount importance to head and neck surgeons, anatomists and anesthetist.The number of cases of syphilis has increased in the United States and in many high income nations. Otosyphilis is a less recognized complication of syphilis that can lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4-hydroxytamoxifen-4-ht-afimoxifene.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4-hydroxytamoxifen-4-ht-afimoxifene.html] Different pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain hearing loss in otosyphilis. We review the literature on otosyphilis in adults and propose the need for future work in this field to identify better ways to diagnose, treat and manage this disease. Patients with syphilis should be screened routinely for hearing loss and all patients with new, sudden, or fluctuating SNHL should be evaluated for syphilis.BACKGROUND Together with clinical correlation, nontreponemal titers are used to monitor treatment outcomes. Syphilis patients with HIV and without HIV co-infection were found to have different serological responses after treatment. This study aims to determine time to serological cure for treatment of syphilis and factors associated with it in patients with and without HIV. METHOD A descriptive study of syphilis patients who visited Bangrak STIs Center between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016. Univariate analysis was done to determine factors associated with serological outcomes. Survival curve analysis and multivariate cox regression analysis were applied to compare time to serological cure between patients with various characteristics. RESULTS Out of 497 syphilis patients, 62.1% had serological cure, 2.2% non-response, 4.6% treatment failure or reinfection, 9.9% serofast status and 21.2% were undetermined due to loss to follow-up. The time to serological cure was 110 days (95% CI 59-163) and 102 days (95% CI 94-110) among patients with HIV and without HIV respectively (p= 0.162). Time to serological cure was significantly faster in early syphilis and baseline titer ≥132. After adjustment with cox regression model, patients with early syphilis were associated with serological cure with HR 1.75 (95% CI 1.32-2.32). Time to serological cure among early syphilis patients was significantly longer in HIV-positive than HIV-negative patients (p=0.002) while no difference was observed in late syphilis (p=0.104). CONCLUSION Early syphilis was associated with faster time to serological cure. HIV patients with early syphilis took longer time to reach serological cure than HIV-negative patients while no such a difference was observed in late syphilis.BACKGROUND Access to HIV testing in New York City (NYC) has increased, but disparities in testing rates still exist among most communities impacted by HIV. HIV self-testing (HIVST) presents an opportunity to address testing barriers, but HIV-affected communities experience difficulties accessing HIVSTs, including lack of awareness and cost. To support increased access to HIVST, the NYC Health Department launched a partnership with select organizations to pilot distribution of free HIVSTs in two phases among priority populations across NYC. METHODS Organizations that were diverse in their missions, experiences, capacities and populations served were recruited through a formal application process. The program initially launched with 10 organization partners (Phase 1); as the pilot continued, partners identified necessary revisions to the program and launched a second phase in Year 2. Both phases included outreach to NYC priority populations, HIVST distribution/redemption and a follow-up survey. RESULTS From March 2017-August 2019, organizations distributed 75 HIVSTs during Phase 1 and 252 during Phase 2.