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The correlations of organ doses with dose metrics were evaluated using coefficients of determination.<br /><br /> Organ doses increased with patient size, and the doses for obese were approximately two to three times higher than those for underweight patients. Organ doses exhibited stronger linear relationships with organ specific SSDE (R<br /><br /> ≥0.82) than other dose metrics.<br /><br /> The linear regression fits between organ doses determined by MC simulation and organ-specific SSDE are valuable for simplified and accurate organ dose estimation for individual patients undergoing CT examinations.<br /><br />The linear regression fits between organ doses determined by MC simulation and organ-specific SSDE are valuable for simplified and accurate organ dose estimation for individual patients undergoing CT examinations.<br /><br /> Accidental exposure to high-dose radiation causes life-threatening acute radiation syndrome, features that include gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS) and hematopoietic syndrome (HS). Administration of vitamin C (VC), a free radical scavenger, has been reported to increase survival of mice in GIS and HS models. The effect of nutritional VC status on radiation injury remains unknown because, unlike humans, mice can synthesize VC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VC insufficiency on acute radiation syndrome using senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30)/gluconolactonase knockout (SMP30-KO) mice.<br /><br /> SMP30-KO mice, which cannot synthesize VC, were given water with or without sufficient VC supplementation, and were analyzed in GIS and HS models.<br /><br /> In the GIS model, in which bone marrow failure is rescued by bone marrow transplantation, VC-insufficient mice had a lower survival rate than VC-sufficient mice. The intestine of VC-insufficient GIS mice showed epithelial cell atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased crypt cell proliferation. We observed rapid VC oxidation after total body irradiation in the intestine of mice supplemented with VC-sufficient water. In the HS model, which was not combined with bone marrow transplantation, there was no difference in survival between VC-insufficient and -sufficient mice.<br /><br /> The results of this study demonstrated that nutritionally sufficient VC exerts a radioprotective effect against radiation-induced GIS.<br /><br />The results of this study demonstrated that nutritionally sufficient VC exerts a radioprotective effect against radiation-induced GIS.<br /><br /> The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of pterostilbene, a beneficial component primarily found in blueberries, to alleviate the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)-induced early liver injury and oxidative stress in a porcine model.<br /><br /> Thirty-six IUGR piglets and an equal number of normal birth weight (NBW) counterparts received a diet with or without pterostilbene (250 mg/kg diet) during the first week post-weaning. Parameters related to the hepatic injury, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense mechanisms were analyzed.<br /><br /> Relative to NBW, IUGR induced liver injury, which corresponded to increments in circulating alanine transaminase activity and hepatic apoptotic cell rate, superoxide radical generation, and the accumulation of oxidative damage products (P &lt; 0.05). Administering pterostilbene reduced plasma transaminase activities, decreased hepatocyte apoptosis rate, and prevented the augmented levels of hepatic superoxide anion, 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine, and 4-hydroxynonenal-modified protein (P &lt; 0.05). In terms of the hepatic antioxidant function, pterostilbene was efficient in improving the superoxide dismutase activity and the metabolic cycle between reduced glutathione and its oxidized form (P &lt; 0.05). The pterostilbene-supplemented diet facilitated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and promoted the expression levels of superoxide dismutase 2 in the liver of IUGR piglets (P &lt; 0.05).<br /><br /> This study indicates that pterostilbene treatment has an auxiliary therapeutic potential to ameliorate early liver injury in IUGR neonates, presumably by stimulating the NRF2 signals and the associated antioxidant function.<br /><br />This study indicates that pterostilbene treatment has an auxiliary therapeutic potential to ameliorate early liver injury in IUGR neonates, presumably by stimulating the NRF2 signals and the associated antioxidant function.<br /><br /> Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a crucial tool for maintaining glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, to date, little is known about the current status of SMBG engagement among women with GDM in China.<br /><br /> To describe the current status of SMBG engagement among women with GDM in China and identify its barriers and facilitators.<br /><br /> A mixed-methods design was conducted, comprising a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews. The research data were collected in two tertiary hospitals in Hunan province, China.<br /><br /> A total of 323 women with GDM completed the survey from March 2018 to October 2018, and 11 of them participated in the interviews.<br /><br /> In total, 35.6% of the participants actively engaged in SMBG. The participants who had an advanced maternal age (95% CI 0.253-0.947), did not own glucose meters (95% CI 0.054-0.364), did not receive SMBG-related information from health professionals (95% CI 0.232-.987), or received less SMBG information in general (95% CI 0.137-0.52) were less likely to engage in SMBG. Insufficient SMBG information and low awareness of SMBG were also summarized as the main barriers in the interview findings. Facilitators of SMBG engagement included SMBG-related social support (95% CI 1.573-6.135) and health concerns related to themselves and the unborn infant.<br /><br /> About one-third of Chinese women with GDM engaged in SMBG. An accurate and complete description of how SMBG should be performed is needed from health professionals. Strategies to obtain more SMBG-related social support and a greater emphasis on health concerns are recommended to increase SMBG engagement among women with GDM in China.<br /><br />About one-third of Chinese women with GDM engaged in SMBG. An accurate and complete description of how SMBG should be performed is needed from health professionals. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epoxomicin-bu-4061t.html BU-4061T nmr] Strategies to obtain more SMBG-related social support and a greater emphasis on health concerns are recommended to increase SMBG engagement among women with GDM in China.