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Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence-based interventions for perioperative pain management in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Recent findings With particular emphasis on preemptive interventions in recent studies, we found preoperative counseling, nutrition, exercise, psychological interventions, and a combination of acetaminophen, celecoxib, and gabapentin are highly important and effective measures to reduce postoperative pain and opioid demand. Intraoperative local anesthetics may help at incision sites, as a paracervical block, and a transversus abdominus plane block. Postoperatively, an effort should be made to utilize non-narcotic interventions such as abdominal binders, ice packs, simethicone, bowel regimens, gabapentin, and scheduled NSAIDs and acetaminophen. When prescribing narcotics, providers should be aware of recommended amounts of opioids required per procedure so as to avoid overprescribing. Summary Our findings emphasize the evolving importance of preemptive interventions, including prehabilitation and pharmacologic agents, to improve postoperative pain after minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Additionally, a multimodal approach to nonnarcotic intraoperative and postoperative interventions decreases narcotic requirement and improves opioid stewardship.Purpose of review This review aims to describe the influence of changes in obstetrics and gynecology on residency training and how tracking may help address emerging concerns around quality and safety in gynecologic surgery. Recent findings As has been shown in a variety of other surgical fields, recent evidence confirms that surgeries with higher volume gynecologists are associated with fewer complications, decreased cost, and an increase in use of minimally invasive surgery. Attending physicians and residents feel graduating obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) trainees are unprepared to perform major surgery independently. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/xl177a.html selleckchem] Tracking has demonstrated tremendous success in general surgery, enriching trainee careers, allowing for increased operative and clinical experiences, enhancing autonomy, and improving mentorship, all while achieving equivalent or improved milestone achievement, case numbers, and board certification. A majority of medical students, residents, and OB/GYN residency program directors support tracking in OB/GYN. Currently, a single OB/GYN program provides tracking in the United States, with measurable success similar to that seen in general surgery. Summary Enhanced surgical volume results in better outcomes in gynecologic surgery, but current training models are insufficient to meet these volume demands. Tracking provides an attractive solution to create a more appropriate practicing model for physicians in women's health.Goal The goal of this study was to explore the utility of small bowel ultrasound (SBUS) as a noninvasive tool to assess induction response to infliximab (IFX) in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). Background Inflammatory bowel disease management has shifted to a treat-to-target and tight control strategy utilizing noninvasive serum and fecal markers to monitor disease activity in response to therapy. Bowel wall changes as seen on cross-sectional imaging may be a more accurate marker of treatment success. Materials and methods Pediatric patients with CD with small bowel involvement initiating IFX were prospectively enrolled. Clinical activity, biomarkers, and SBUS findings were evaluated at baseline (T0) and postinduction at week 14 (T1). The primary outcome was to describe the changes in SBUS parameters pre and post IFX induction and how they associate with clinical and biomarker response. Descriptive statistics summarized the data and univariate analysis tested associations. Results All 13 CD patients achieved steroid-free clinical remission (P less then 0.001) and a decrease in C-reactive protein (P=0.01) postinduction. Bowel wall hyperemia (BWH) (P=0.01) and bowel segment length involved (P=0.07) decreased postinduction. Decrease in fecal calprotectin at T1 moderately correlated with a decrease in bowel segment length (r=0.57; P=0.04). No correlation was seen with a change in bowel wall thickness or BWH postinduction. Conclusions Our pilot study suggests that SBUS is a feasible, noninvasive tool to measure early treatment response to IFX. BWH, not bowel wall thickness, is the first parameter to change. Larger longitudinal studies are warranted to validate the utility of SBUS as part of a disease monitoring strategy.The pullout strength of the pedicle screws after direct vertebral rotation (DVR) maneuver is not known. This biomechanical study was performed to quantitatively analyze the pullout strength of a pedicle screw after DVR maneuver using human cadaveric vertebrae. Thoracic vertebral bodies from three cadavers were harvested and stripped of soft tissues. Thirty pedicles of 15 vertebrae were separated into two groups after bone mineral density measurements. Polyaxial 5.5 mm pedicle screws with appropriate length were inserted with a freehand technique for each pedicle. One Kirschner wire was inserted to the anterior part of each vertebral corpus the half depth of each corpus was embedded into PVC pipes using polyester paste. In the DVR group, each screw was pulled horizontally with 2 kg (~20 N) load over a screwdriver rigidly attached to the screw, and a DVR maneuver was simulated. The control group did not load with a DVR maneuver. Samples were placed on a universal testing machine and pullout loads were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test was utilized, and the P value less then 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. In the DVR group, the mean pullout strength was 183.35 N (SD ± 100.12), and in the control group, the mean pullout strength was 279.95 N (SD ± 76.26). Intergroup comparisons revealed that DVR maneuver significantly decreases the pullout strength (P = 0.012). The results of this study confirm that the pullout strength of pedicle screw significantly decreases by approximately 35% when DVR maneuver is applied.Objectives This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the quality of life scores of patients with pediatric flexible flatfoot (PFF) according to the use of foot orthoses. We also aimed to compare quality of life scores of children and their parents. Methods Nonobese children aged between 5 and 10 years old who were diagnosed as PFF according to physical and radiological examinations were included in this cross-sectional comparative study. All children and their parents completed the Turkish translation of Oxford ankle foot questionnaire (OxAFQ) which contains four domains (physical, school and play, emotional, and footwear). Patients were grouped according to the use of foot orthoses (group I no foot orthoses group and group II foot orthoses group). Results Comparison of OxAFQ scores demonstrated no significant differences between the two groups. However, the mean emotional scores of parents were significantly lower in group II (P = 0.007). In group I, the mean emotional score of children was significantly lower compared to their parents' scores (P = 0.