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The observed association between CSF1 and the presence of caries may be of clinical value in caries risk management and early diagnosis. Larger studies are warranted to assess the replicability of our findings.<br /><br />The observed association between CSF1 and the presence of caries may be of clinical value in caries risk management and early diagnosis. Larger studies are warranted to assess the replicability of our findings.<br /><br /> The synoptophore has been used clinically to assess simultaneous perception and sensory fusion in strabismic patients; however, due to suppression or the visual condition of patients with normal stereopsis, a synoptophore does not always detect simultaneous perception or sensory fusion. A cheiroscope may be a better alternative.<br /><br /> The aim of this work was ro determine whether a cheiroscope could be useful for examining simultaneous perception and sensory fusion in strabismus patients.<br /><br /> Thirty-three patients with strabismus who could undergo cheiroscopic tracing were categorised into two groups the intermittent exotropia group (XT; n =19; mean age 9.8±5.6yrs, range 5-23yrs) and the esotropia group (ET; n =14; mean age 10.2±6.0yrs, range 4-23yrs). Two sizes of square line drawings (20° and 6°) were used for the cheiroscopic tracing. The cheiroscopic tracing results were compared with those of synoptophore testing for simultaneous perception and sensory fusion.<br /><br /> The rate of cheiroscopic tracing of detecting sensory fusion was significantly higher than that of the synoptophore. With the synoptophore, simultaneous perception was detected in 89.5% and 85.7% of the XT and ET patients, and sensory fusion was detected in 73.7% and 71.4%, respectively. The synoptophore identified 11 patients who had no simultaneous perception or sensory fusion. Among them, eight patients were associated with suppression and two patients were 4years old.<br /><br /> Cheiroscopic tracing is useful for determining the presence of simultaneous perception and sensory fusion if they are not detected by a synoptophore due to age &lt;5years or suppression.<br /><br />Cheiroscopic tracing is useful for determining the presence of simultaneous perception and sensory fusion if they are not detected by a synoptophore due to age less then 5 years or suppression.AbstractDuring the past 60 years, mammalian hibernation (i.e., seasonal torpor) has been interpreted as a physiological adaptation for energy economy. However, direct field comparisons of energy expenditure and torpor use in hibernating and active free-ranging animals are scarce. Here, we followed the complete hibernation cycle of a fat-storing hibernator, the marsupial Dromiciops gliroides, in its natural habitat. Using replicated mesocosms, we experimentally manipulated energy availability and measured torpor use, hibernacula use, and social clustering throughout the entire hibernation season. Also, we measured energy flow using daily food intake, daily energy expenditure (DEE), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in winter. We hypothesized that when facing chronic caloric restriction (CCR), a hibernator should maximize torpor frequency to compensate for the energetic deficit, compared with individuals fed ad lib. (controls). However, being torpid at low temperatures could increase other burdens (e.g., cost of ry suggests that hibernation is a powerful strategy to modulate energy expenditure in mammals from temperate regions.<br /><br /> It is important to distinguish between visual acuity, optical quality and quality of vision when outcomes obtained with intraocular lenses are evaluated. These parameters, that includeobjective and subjective tests, should be assessed to obtain results that are not biased.<br /><br /> To assess the difference in visual and optical quality between two monofocal intraocular lens models.<br /><br /> This was a prospective, parallel and randomised clinical study conducted at Miranza IOA, a private clinic in Madrid, Spain. Sixty patients were implanted bilaterally, 30 per group, with two aspheric IOLs with induced spherical aberration of -0.27μm for Group A and -0.20μm for Group B. Visual outcomes obtained at 1 and 3months after surgery included both uncorrected (UCVA) and corrected monocular distance visual acuity (DCVA), objective scattering index (OSI), modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off, Strehl Ratio (SR), contrast sensitivity defocus curve (CSDC), intraocular lens spherical aberration (SA), and longitudinal chromatic th intraocular lens models showed excellent quantity of vision, optical and visual quality as well as high patient satisfaction. Despite this, the the Group A model provided slightly better outcomes than the Group B model.Objective Worsening student mental health, along with more complex mental illness presentation and increased access to campus mental health services, has led to a mental health "crisis" on campuses. One way to address student mental health needs may be through mental health programs which have been found to increase resiliency and help-seeking, and reduce stigma. Participants The effectiveness of The Inquiring Mind (TIM), a mental health promotion and mental illness stigma reduction program, was examined in 810 students from 16 Canadian post-secondary institutions. Methods and Results Using a meta-analytic approach, TIM improved resiliency and decreased stigmatizing attitudes from pre to post, with medium effect sizes (d &gt; .50). Analyses with those that completed the follow-up (about one-third of the sample) showed that effects were mostly retained at three months. Other outcomes also point to the program's effectiveness. Conclusion TIM appears to be an effective program for post-secondary students. However, additional research, including randomized control trials, is needed to address study limitations.<br /><br /> The vergence facility (VF) test is important in a complete optometric examination, but there is still controversy over which prismatic power combinations to use according to the patient age, especially in children.<br /><br /> The aim of this work is to study the VF test using three different prismatic power combinations in four age groups, with a view to determine the best prismatic power for performing the test.<br /><br /> The VF of 122 healthy subjects was evaluated using three prismatic flippers with different powers 8<br /><br /> base-in with 8<br /><br /> base-out (8BI/8BO<br /><br /> ), 3BI/12BO<br /><br /> and 5BI/15BO<br /><br /> . The number of cycles per minute (cpm) was counted.<br /><br /> The participants were divided into four age groups. The mean age of group 1 was 6.69±0.65years, that of group 2 was 9.36±0.87years, that of group 3 was 12.08±0.79years and that of group 4 was 28.67±8.11years. The mean cpm value in VF was higher for near vision than in distance vision. The lowest cpm values were observed in the youngest group (group 1) (far vision 8BI/8BO<br /><br /> 2.32 cpm, 3BI/1all flippers in all groups.<br /><br /> Inadequate public knowledge about eyes and eye care poses avoidable risks to vision-related quality of life.<br /><br /> This study of eye care knowledge among Canadians extends earlier findings from focus groups.<br /><br /> Perceptions about eyes and eye care were sought using a 21-item online survey and snowball sampling. Inclusion criteria were living in Canada and being at least 18-years old; eye care professionals and staff were excluded. Response frequencies were converted to percentages, with eye condition items analysed according to 'expected' or 'unexpected' eye impacts. Proportions selecting these impacts or 'unsure' were determined.<br /><br /> There were 424 respondents 83.0% aged 20-65years and 69.6% female. Mismatches existed between perceived recommendations and behaviours for booking eye exams within two years (86.7% vs. 68.4%) and symptom-driven (3.3% vs. 13.0%). First eye exams after age one year were deemed appropriate by 43.6%. Few respondents associated glaucoma with no symptoms (6.0%) or amblyopia with blurred vistargeted public education.<br /><br />Vision-threatening knowledge gaps and misinformation about eyes and eye care among Canadian respondents highlight the need for accessible, targeted public education.<br /><br /> Vessel density (VD) measurements obtained using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) of the retinal layers and choriocapillaris have the capacity to demonstrated retinal changes in COVID-19 patients.<br /><br /> To investigate VD changes in the retinal layers and choroid using SS-OCTA in patients recovered from COVID-19.<br /><br /> This cross-sectionally designed study was conducted in a single eye centre. The diagnosis of COVID-19 disease was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction test. Patients who had fully recovered from COVID-19 served as the COVID-19 group, and the control group comprised age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mst-312.html check details] VD measurements in the superficial and outer retina layers and the choriocapillaris were performed using SS-OCTA.<br /><br /> VD measurements in the central fovea and all quadrants of superficial and deep retinal layers, and the choriocapillaris, showed a significant decrease in the COVID-19 group (P&lt;0.05 for all) compared to the control group. Significant reductions in VD measurements were more prominent in the choriocapillaris when compared to the retinal layers. Mean ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations showed negative correlations with VD measurements in certain quadrants of the deep retinal layer and choriocapillaris.<br /><br /> VD reductions occur the superficial and deep retinal layers and choriocapillaris in patients with pre-existing COVID-19. These results suggested the use of SS-OCTA as a microvascular biomarker and an auxiliary technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19.<br /><br />VD reductions occur the superficial and deep retinal layers and choriocapillaris in patients with pre-existing COVID-19. These results suggested the use of SS-OCTA as a microvascular biomarker and an auxiliary technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19.<br /><br /> Rapid weight loss (RWL) is a common precompetitive strategy used by athletes in weight-class sports and carries with it an increased risk to future cardiometabolic health. The Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire (RWLQ) is a self-reported tool designed to identify and characterize such weight loss practices.<br /><br /> After developing a reliable and reproducible French version of the RWLQ (RWLQ-FR), the present study aims to analyse RWL patterns among French weight-class athletes and to point out potential relationships between such practices and risk of subsequent weight gain.<br /><br /> A test-retest analysis was performed in 54 athletes to test the questionnaire reproducibility before applying it in a cohort of 168 weight-cycling athletes (23.78±9.25 y, 67.6±12.6 kg, 81 males and 87 females, n =24 strength sports and n =144 various combat sports).<br /><br /> The test-retest showed good agreement of the RWLQ-FR (Rho=0.794, [0.696-0.893]). Athletes reported losing an average of 4.1±2.9% of their initial weight in 13.1±9.6days, with the main methods used being an increase in exercise, training in rubber or plastic suits, and gradual dieting. The average weight recovery in a week was 3.5±2.8% and results showed that the athletes with the lower inter-season weight (weight outside of the training and competition season) regained the more weight (p=0.025). The average RWLQ-FR score was 31.9±17.3 and athletes who began to lose weight earlier in their competitive carrier had the higher scores (p=0.032).<br /><br /> The present study demonstrates relationships between the pattern of RWL practices and potential increased risk of subsequent weight gain in weight-cycling athletes, and the need to better understand the long-term health-related risks.<br /><br />The present study demonstrates relationships between the pattern of RWL practices and potential increased risk of subsequent weight gain in weight-cycling athletes, and the need to better understand the long-term health-related risks.