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The elimination half-life of vancomycin decreased from 64.1±35.7h before SLEDD-f to 7.0±3.0h during SLEDD-f.<br /><br /> Significant amount of vancomycin removed during SLEDD-f. Despite the existence of post-dialysis rebound, a sufficient supplemental dose is necessary to maintain therapeutic range.<br /><br />Significant amount of vancomycin removed during SLEDD-f. Despite the existence of post-dialysis rebound, a sufficient supplemental dose is necessary to maintain therapeutic range.<br /><br /> To update information about the internationally accepted standards and clinical recommendations for the detection and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA).<br /><br /> The Taiwan Society of Aldosteronism (TSA) Task Force reviewed the latest literature and reached a consensus after group meetings. The nine critical issues were recognized to provide updated information and internationally acceptable protocols.<br /><br /> When screening for PA by using the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) to plasma renin activity (PRA) ratio (ARR), withdrawal or adjustment of antihypertensive medication is not always necessary on the first patient visit. Hypokalemia should be corrected before ARR screening. In spontaneous hypokalemia, plasma renin below detection levels, and PAC higher than 20 ng/dL (550 pmol/L), further confirmatory testing is unnecessary for PA diagnosis. Direct renin concentration (DRC) could be used for PA diagnosis if PRA is unavailable. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/resatorvid.html TAK-242 inhibitor] Although additional confirmatory tests are suggested, the result of a single test is still reliable. For patient safety, discontinuation or adjustment of antihypertensive medications is indicated before adrenal venous sampling (AVS). ACTH could be beneficial for successful adrenal vein cannulation but is not necessary for determining lateralization in AVS. Simultaneous technique is preferred for AVS. Adrenal NP-59 scintigraphy integrated with SPECT/CT could guide PA management.<br /><br /> With introduction of these new concepts to the clinicians, we expect better identiﬁcation, management and treatment of PA patients.<br /><br />With introduction of these new concepts to the clinicians, we expect better identiﬁcation, management and treatment of PA patients.<br /><br /> Proximal para-anastomotic aneurysms, or aneurysmal degeneration of the native aorta above a previous open abdominal aortic repair (Pr-AAAs), are challenging scenarios. The aim of this study was to report the early and mid term outcomes of endovascular repair of Pr-AAAs by fenestrated and branched endovascular aneurysm repair (FB-EVAR).<br /><br /> From 2006 to 2017, pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative data from patients undergoing FB-EVAR for Pr-AAAs at two European vascular surgery units were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. Early results were considered in terms of technical success (target visceral vessel cannulation and stenting, absence of type I - III endoleak, iliac limb occlusion and 24h mortality); spinal cord ischaemia (SCI) and 30 day and in hospital mortality. Survival, target visceral vessel (TVV) patency, and freedom from re-interventions were also considered at the mid term follow up.<br /><br /> Five hundred and forty-four patients underwent FB-EVAR to treat juxta/pararenal ofe and effective. If those promising results are confirmed at later follow up, FB-EVAR should be considered a prominent therapeutic option, especially in high risk patients.<br /><br /> Iliac limb occlusion (ILO) is a complication of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and requires re-intervention in most cases. Attention to any intra-operative defect of iliac limbs and arteries may prevent ILO. The study aimed to analyse the long term effect of an intra-operative protocol of iliac limb treatment during EVAR on ILO.<br /><br /> Patients treated from 2012 to 2017 for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with standard EVAR were collected prospectively. Pre-operative computed tomography angiography anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The protocol for intra-operative iliac limb management was a. pre-EVAR angioplasty of common/external iliac artery stenosis; b. precise contralateral iliac limb deployment at the same level of the flow divider; c. iliac limb kissing ballooning with high pressure non-compliant balloons; d. iliac limb stenting for residual tortuosity/kink and adjunctive external iliac stenting for residual stenosis/dissection after EVAR. ILO was evaluated at 30 days and at follow up, which watment in EVAR leads to a very low rate of late ILO. The role of sac shrinkage in ILO should be investigated further.The management of early metastatic prostate cancer is based on systemic treatment by androgen deprivation therapy with or without chemotherapy or next-generation anti-androgen therapies. Local treatment of the prostate was initially used only to alleviate local symptoms. However, local radiotherapy of the prostate has been the subject of retrospective and prospective studies in patients with better prognostic factors, particularly in oligometastatic status. The results of these studies support that prostate radiotherapy can prolong the survival of patients with a low metastatic burden. This article states the biological bases, the main published and future published studies aimed to embed this strategy to optimize therapeutic management.Mechanisms of late radio-induced lesions are the result of multiple and complex phenomena, with many entangled cellular and tissue factors. The biological continuum between acute and late radio-induced effects will be described, with firstly a break in homeostasis that leads to cellular redistributions. New insights into late toxicity will finally be addressed. Individual radiosensitivity is a primary factor for the development of late toxicity, and clinicians urgently need predictive tests to offer truly personalized radiation therapy. An update will be made on the various functional and genetic tests currently being validated. The management of radio-induced side effects remains a frequent issue for radiation oncologists, and an update will be made for certain specific clinical situations. Finally, an innovative management for patients with significant side effects after pelvic radiotherapy will be developed, involved mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, with the presentation of the "PRISME" protocol currently open to patients recruitment.