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BACKGROUND Use of the direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has increased over the last decade. We sought to investigate whether (1) a difference exists in dislocation risk for DAA compared with posterior THA, (2) a difference exists in risk for specific revision reasons, and (3) the likelihood of adverse 90-day postoperative events differs. METHODS We conducted a cohort study using data from Kaiser Permanente's Total Joint Replacement Registry. Patients aged ≥18 years who underwent primary cementless THA for osteoarthritis with a highly cross-linked polyethylene liner were included (2009-2017). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate dislocation and cause-specific revision risks, and multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate 90-day emergency department visits, 90-day unplanned readmissions, and 90-day complications (including deep infection, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism). RESULTS Of 38,399 primary THA, 6428 (16.7%) were DAA. All-cause revision at 2-years follow-up was 1.78% (95% confidence interval [CI]&nbsp;= 1.46-2.17) for DAA and 2.28% (95% CI&nbsp;= 2.11-2.45) for posterior. After adjusting for covariates, DAA had a lower risk of dislocation (hazard ratio [HR]&nbsp;= 0.39, 95% CI&nbsp;= 0.29-0.53), revision for instability (HR&nbsp;= 0.33, 95% CI&nbsp;= 0.18-0.58), revision for periprosthetic fracture (HR&nbsp;= 0.57, 95% CI&nbsp;= 0.34-0.96), and readmission (odds ratio&nbsp;= 0.82, 95% CI&nbsp;= 0.67-0.99) compared with posterior approach but a higher risk of revision for aseptic loosening (HR&nbsp;= 2.26, 95% CI&nbsp;= 1.35-3.79). CONCLUSION While the DAA associated with lower risks of dislocation and revision for instability and periprosthetic fracture, it is associated with a higher revision risk for aseptic loosening. Surgeons should discuss these risks with their patients. PURPOSE Following radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), intravesical recurrence (IVR) is found in 22% to 47% of patients. Patients with a primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) have an increased risk of a future UTUC (1%-5%). Paired UTUC and UCB might represent clonally related tumors due to intraluminal seeding of tumor cells or might be separate entities of urothelial carcinoma caused by field cancerization. We systematically reviewed all the relevant literature to address the possible clonal relation of UTUC and paired UCB. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were systematically searched for relevant citations published between January 2000 and July 2019. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Of 5038 citations identified, 86 full papers were screened, and 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The populations studied and the molecular techniques used to assess clonality of UTUC and paired UCB differed largely over time. Eight studies reported on primary UTUC and meta- or synchronous IVR without a history of UCB. A total of 118 tumors (55 UTUC and 63 IVR) from 49 patients were included, of which 94% seemed to be clonally related. Five studies reported on primary UCB and subsequent UTUC with a total of 61 tumors (30 UCB and 31 UTUC) from 14 patients; a possible clonal origin was identified for 85% of the tumors. CONCLUSION Taking into account the limitations of microsatellite technology in comparison to Next Generation Sequencing and currently accepted concepts of tumor heterogeneity and evolution, this systematic review shows that most, if not all, UTUC and paired UCB likely are clonally related. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of patient's sex on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with clinically nonmetastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). METHODS Complete pathologic response, defined as ypT0N0 at radical cystectomy, and downstaging were evaluated using sex-adjusted univariable and multivariable logistic regression modeling. We used interaction terms to account for age of menopause and smoking status. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kartogenin.html Kartogenin ic50] The association of sex with overall survival and cancer-specific survival was evaluated using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 1,031 patients were included in the analysis, 227 (22%) of whom were female. Female patients had a higher rate of extravesical disease extension (P = 0.01). After the administration of NAC, ypT stage was equally distributed between sexes (P = 0.39). On multivariable logistic regression analyses, there was no difference between the sexes or age of menopause with regards to ypT0N0 rates or downstaging (all P &gt; 0.5). On Cox regression analyses, sex was associated with neither overall survival (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.75-1.45, P = 0.81) nor cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.58, P = 0.77). CONCLUSION Our study generates the hypothesis that NAC equalizes the preoperative disparity in pathologic stage between males and females suggesting a possible differential response between sexes. This might be the explanation underlying the comparable survival outcomes between sexes despite females presenting with more advanced tumor stage. PCDH19-related epilepsy is a distinct childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome characterized by brief clusters of febrile and afebrile seizures with onset primarily before the age of three years, cognitive impairment, autistic traits, and behavioral abnormalities. PCDH19 gene is located in Xq22 and produces nonclustered delta protocadherin. This disorder primarily manifests in heterozygote females due to random X chromosome inactivation leading to somatic mosaicism and abnormal cellular interference between cells with and without delta-protocadherin. This article reviews the clinical features based on a comprehensive literature review (MEDLINE using PubMed and OvidSP vendors with appropriate keywords to incorporate recent evidence), personal practice, and experience. Significant progress has been made in the past 10 years, including identification of the gene responsible for the condition, characterization of clinical phenotypes, and development of animal models. More rigorous studies involving quality-of-life measures as well as standardized neuropsychiatric testing are necessary to understand the full spectrum of the disease.