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The tenth conference of the African Society of Human Genetics was held in Egypt with the theme "Human Genetics and Genomics in Africa Challenges for Both Rare and Common Genetic Disorders." Current research was presented, and we discussed visions for the future of genomic research on the African continent. In this report, we summarize the presented scientific research within and relevant to Africa as presented by both African and non-African scientists. We also discuss the current situation concerning genomic medicine and genomic research within the continent, difficulties in implementing genetic services and genomic medicine in Africa, and a road map to overcome those difficulties and meet the needs of the African researchers and patients.Children who travel internationally to visit friends and relatives (VFRs) are at risk for travel-related illness, but underuse pretravel health services. Although primary care clinics can identify travelers and address pretravel health needs, to date, there are few published reports on effective primary care-based pretravel interventions. We developed a quality improvement initiative to increase traveler identification at a primary care clinic serving families that frequently travel to VFRs. Interventions included a screening question asked at all clinic visits, provider and staff training, travel fliers, and health recommendation sheets for families. Interventions were implemented during 2017 and 2018 peak travel seasons. Travel visit rates and characteristics during the intervention period were compared with pre-intervention baseline periods (April-August, 2015-16). Surveys with providers were conducted to assess disruptiveness of the interventions, and rates of duplicate travel visits were assessed. A total of 738 unique travel events were identified during peak travel seasons from 2015 to 18, encompassing travel to 29 countries across five continents. Overall, there were 428 unique travel events (3.0% of all clinic visits) during peak seasons 2017-18, compared with 310 unique travel events (2.2% of all clinic visits) during peak seasons 2015-16 (rate ratio 1.34 [95% CI 1.16-1.56], P less then 0.001). None of the 18 healthcare providers or staff surveyed found new travel screening processes to be disruptive or bothersome. Implementation of a primary care-based multimodal travel screening and education initiative was associated with a significantly increased rate of travel visits.Although gene-finding in bacterial genomes is relatively straightforward, the automated assignment of gene function is still challenging, resulting in a vast quantity of hypothetical sequences of unknown function. But how prevalent are hypothetical sequences across bacteria, what proportion of genes in different bacterial genomes remain unannotated, and what factors affect annotation completeness? To address these questions, we surveyed over 27 000 bacterial genomes from the Genome Taxonomy Database, and measured genome annotation completeness as a function of annotation method, taxonomy, genome size, 'research bias' and publication date. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/curcumin-analog-compound-c1.html Curcumin analog C1 price] Our analysis revealed that 52 and 79 % of the average bacterial proteome could be functionally annotated based on protein and domain-based homology searches, respectively. Annotation coverage using protein homology search varied significantly from as low as 14 % in some species to as high as 98 % in others. We found that taxonomy is a major factor influencing annotation completeness, with distinct trends observed across the microbial tree (e.g. the lowest level of completeness was found in the Patescibacteria lineage). Most lineages showed a significant association between genome size and annotation incompleteness, likely reflecting a greater degree of uncharacterized sequences in 'accessory' proteomes than in 'core' proteomes. Finally, research bias, as measured by publication volume, was also an important factor influencing genome annotation completeness, with early model organisms showing high completeness levels relative to other genomes in their own taxonomic lineages. Our work highlights the disparity in annotation coverage across the bacterial tree of life and emphasizes a need for more experimental characterization of accessory proteomes as well as understudied lineages.Estimating Malaria Incidence through Modeling Is a Good Academic Exercise, but How Practical It Is in High-Burden Settings?One of the most important problems in controlling malaria is the limited access to effective and accurate diagnosis of malaria parasitemia. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and the relationship with asymptomatic submicroscopic Plasmodium infection. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,088 apparently healthy children aged between 6 and 59 months selected at random in the health zone of Miti Murhesa in South Kivu/DRC. Capillary blood was obtained for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration measurement by Hemocue® Hb 301. Malaria detection was performed by microscopy and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Anemia was defined as Hb less then 11g/dL. We applied the chi-square test for comparisons, and multiple logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for anemia and submicroscopic Plasmodium infection. The prevalence of anemia was 39.6%, and the prevalence of parasitemia was 15.9% and 34.0% using microscopy and LAMP test, respectively. Submicroscopic Plasmodium infection was found in 22.3% of the children. The independent risk factors for anemia are Plasmodium infection, children younger than 24 months, low middle-upper arm circumference, and history of illness two weeks before. Otherwise, children with submicroscopic malaria infection have a significantly increased risk for anemia, with a need of transfusion. The prevalence of malaria infection was underestimated, when microscopy was used to diagnose malaria. Children with low parasitemia detected by LAMP but not by microscopy showed a significantly increased prevalence of anemia.