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Background To investigate the association between involuntary weight loss (IWL) and late-life depression (LLD) in a population-based cohort study. Methods Data (N=6945) obtained from the 2008 baseline and 2011 follow-up assessments of the Living Profiles of Older People Survey in Korea were used. Changed body weight between the 2008 and 2011 was classified into stable weight ( less then -5% ∼ less then +5%), lightweight loss (≥ -5% ∼ less then -10%), moderate weight loss (≥ -10%), lightweight gain (+≥5 ∼ less then +10%), and moderate weight gain (≥+10%). Results Compared to the stable weight group, the moderate weight loss group had a higher risk of LLD (odds ratio=1.99, 95% confidence interval=1.61-2.46, P less then 0.001) even after adjustments for covariates, including age, BMI, education, income, life of solitude, smoking, physical activity, dependent aging, comorbidity, and cognitive function. Conclusion IWL is significantly associated with LLD in Korean older adults, implying the prognostic importance of IWL for presenting mental health issues later in life.Background Periodic medical examinations of radiation workers are routinely conducted in many countries. Although low dose radiation (LDR) is not expected to cause a significant effect on blood count, the periodic examination usually includes reviewing the work history, general medical history, a physical examination and collecting a blood sample. Despite lymphocytes are the most sensitive cells to radiation, their counts do not show any significant change as long as the radiation level is less than a few hundreds of millisievert (mSv). In spite of this, in Iran, radiation workers, even those who work in diagnostic radiology departments, are regularly examined for blood count changes. Methods After a detailed search in PubMed, ISI, Scopus, SID and Google Scholar, only 12 out of 650 articles matched our criteria. A review of these 12 reports was conducted. The full texts were fully reviewed by the authors. Results The complete blood count (CBC) test has a very low efficacy in evaluation of the adverse health effects of ionizing radiation in radiation workers. Therefore, finding alternative methods with a higher efficacy is recommended. Conclusion CBC tests cannot be introduced as valid markers of potential radiation effects in most occupational exposures. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mcc950-sodium-salt.html this website] Given this consideration, in periodic tests of radiation workers, cytogenetic tests can be the gold-standard method. In particular, due to its relatively low cost and good sensitivity and specificity, the dicentric assay can be promising. Moreover, the simple and rapid evaluation of micronuclei by fast automated scoring systems can be a good alternative for current low efficacy CBC tests.Background The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to find the degree by which the Iranian diabetic patients were informed about their disease in term of health literacy. Methods The search was carried out in databases including the PubMed, MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Web of Science, Science Direct and Wiley and also domestic databases including the Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (sid.ir), the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc.ac.ir), Barakat Knowledge Network System (barakatkns.com), the national publications database (magiran.com) and also Google Scholar and Elmnet search engines. All the original studies published by Oct 20, 2018, in Persian or English, to assess the health literacy of adults with diabetes were included in the study. Ultimately, 17 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was carried out using the fixed-effects method using Stata-11.2. Results The pooled mean score of health literacy was 56.65 out of score of 100, and its 95% CI was estimated as 49.85 to 63.45. No significant heterogeneity could be reported for the articles included in the meta-analysis (I-squared=21.3%, P=0.177). The pooled mean scores with the CI of 95% by gender based on the study population in women and men were estimated as 47.97and 50.06 respectively. Conclusion Health literacy is not high in Iranian diabetic patients and is rather inadequate in most of them in both genders. Diabetic women have somewhat lower health literacy compared to diabetic men.Introduction Closed reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) is the current standard of treatment for displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus in children. This technical note describes a simple method of CRPP using a radiolucent arm board and simpler handling of the C-arm. This technique is a simple method and easy to reproduce, can be adapted to any standard operating table, and gives predictable results.Introduction Early studies on human embryology reveal a migration of the tendon of long head of biceps from the synovium and fibrous capsule to an intra-articular position [1, 2, 3]. Any hindrance in the normal course of events of development, pathological or otherwise, may result in variations from the normal anatomy. Case report Here, we discuss a case of a rare anatomical variant of the origin of long head of biceps tendon discovered incidentally in a 30-year-old manual laborer. The patient had an insidious onset and gradually progressive right shoulder pain, especially in initiating abduction, with a feeling of instability for 5 months. On examination, apprehension test and anterior drawer test were present and sulcus sign was positive. Partial-thickness supraspinatus tear and fraying of the anteroinferior glenoid labrum were noted in the imaging. After giving a fair trial of conservative management, the patient was posted for an arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus tear and the anteroinferior glenoid labrum when the anomalous origin of the tendon of long head of biceps was discovered incidentally. This origin was from the inferior surface of the supraspinatus muscle outside the capsule. The tendon was left intact as it was not found to be inflamed or degenerated and was not the source of instability. Conclusion Due to the rarity of this anatomical variant, definite conclusions cannot be drawn currently regarding its pathological nature. Shoulder arthroscopists should be aware of its potential to become abnormally thickened and causing shoulder dysfunction.Introduction Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) is a recent concept and is increasingly used for articular fractures, due to the minimally invasive nature and high accuracy. However, there are few reports in literature about this procedure in talar fractures. Case report The authors describe a clinical case of a 22-year-old woman with a closed right articular talar neck fracture, Hawkins type II, treated with arthroscopically ARIF. Conclusion This is a minimally invasive technique that can allow close accurate reduction and stable fixation of selected articular talar fractures. It avoids some complications of multiple and large incisions of the conventional open surgery, with good functional outcomes and patient satisfaction.Introduction The proximal phalanx fracture is a common fracture of the hand in pediatric ages. Most of these fractures can be treated conservatively with immobilization. There are only few cases reporting tendon entrapment in literature and most of them refer to epiphyseal fractures with only one case reporting tendon entrapment after diaphyseal fracture. Case report A 15-year-old boy went to the emergency department after suffering trauma in his right hand caused by a fall. He complained of pain in his second finger of the right hand which was swollen. An imaging study was performed and a fracture of the proximal phalanx diaphysis of the second finger of the right hand was diagnosed. Due to deviation, reduction, syndactyly, and immobilization with Zimmer splint were performed. The control X-ray showed acceptable reduction and the patient was referred for follow-up at an outpatient consultation. During follow-up, the reduction was maintained and the conservative treatment was kept for 25 days, with apparent fe conservative treatmentand makes the surgery mandatory to avoid definite sequels and disabilities.Introduction Osteochondromas are the most common benign bone tumors (accounting for 20-50% of all benign bone tumors). They are developmental malformations rather than true neoplasms and are thought to originate within the periosteum. They usually affect bones that develop by enchondral ossification and rarely originate from bones that develop by intramembranous ossification such as the scapula, pubic rami, clavicle, and ribs. Case report We present a case of a 24-year-old male, who came with a swelling in the right side inguinal region for 2 years which was diagnosed to be osteochondroma by trocar biopsy. The site and presentation are rare. The patient had no visceral or vascular involvement though the lesion was very near many vital structures on superior pubic ramus. Conclusion Osteochondroma arising from the pelvis is an unusual presentation which should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis when evaluating mass in pelvis.Introduction Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor of unknown etiology. link2 It is seen more commonly in hand than ankle and foot. It presents as a painless and palpable swelling. Its diagnosis is mostly established by histopathology after surgical resection, although pre-operative imaging and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) support its suspicion. Herein, a case of GCT of flexor tendon sheath of the right index finger is reported due to its rarity. Case report A 46-year-old female presented with complaints of swelling over the front of the right index finger for 1½years. The swelling was spontaneous, painless, and very slowly progressive. Examination revealed a 2 cm × 1.5 cm firm swelling situated on the palmar aspect of the right index finger over distal part of middle phalanx and proximal part of the distal phalanx. Swelling was well defined, having smooth surface, uniformly firm consistency and could be moved sideways easily. X-ray of the hand showed localized soft tissue shadow in the involved area without any bony involvement. Ultrasonography of the finger showed soft tissue mass. FNAC examination reported the swelling as GCTTS. Excisional biopsy was done. Histopathology showed typical features of GCTTS. Conclusion GCTTS should be kept as a differential diagnosis in soft tissue tumors of hand in adults. FNAC followed by excisional biopsy is diagnostic and curative, but the patient should be followed up for detecting and managing recurrences.Introduction Osteomyelitis with multiresistant bacteria in non-union following fracture treated with osteosynthesis requires complete removal of infected sequestrum and dead bone. For consecutive bone defects, it is frequently necessary to bridge with a fixator external. The treatment is not only challenging due to reduced bone stock but also characterized by decreased bioavailability of antibiotics. Case report We report a two-step-surgery approach to preserve the bone stock using autologous cancellous bone in a bacterial infected non-union for subsequently leg length reconstruction. The 24-year-old male patient from Belarus was admitted to our department with persistent wound secretion and subsequent osteomyelitis of the right femur 3 years after initial surgery, several revisions, and several different antibiotic therapies. link3 Biopsy revealed methicillin-resistant and borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Firstly, the Ilizarov ring fixator was removed and a vigorous debridement was performed by refreshing the pseudarthrosis, removing of sequestrum, and dead bone.