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To improve the electrocatalytic efficiency of the cathode and provide a wider pH range in the electro-Fenton process, N-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) and ferrous ion complexed with carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOFe2+) were used to fabricate the diffusion layer and catalyst layer of a membrane cathode, respectively. The morphology, structure, and composition of CNT-COOFe2+ were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The oxygen reduction performance of NCNT was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the rotating disk electrode technique (RDE). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html this website] In addition, a potential application of the cathode in sequential electro-Fenton degradation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) was investigated. The results revealed that iron was successfully doped on the carboxylated carbon nanotubes in ionic complexation form and the content of iron atoms in CNT-COOFe2+ was 2.65%. Furthermore, the defects on the tube walls provided more reactive sites for the electro-Fenton process. A combination of CV and RDE data indicated that NCNT had better electrocatalytic H2O2 generation activity with a more positive onset potential and higher cathodic peak current response than CNT. A p-NP removal rate of 96.04% was achieved within 120&nbsp;min, and a mineralization efficiency of 80.26% was obtained at 180&nbsp;min in the sequential electro-Fenton process at a cathodic potential of - 0.7&nbsp;V vs SCE and neutral pH. The activity of the used cathode was restored simply through electro-reduction at - 1.0&nbsp;V vs SCE, and a p-NP removal rate of more than 70% was obtained at 60&nbsp;min after six regeneration cycles.A novel combined bioreactor integrating anaerobic baffling and anaerobic filtration process was developed and operated for 210&nbsp;days to treat low-strength rural wastewater. The effects of hydraulic residence time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and methane (CH4) production of the combined bioreactor were investigated. The combined bioreactor can start up successfully in 25&nbsp;days and achieve enhanced performance. The COD removal rate and CH4 yield were influenced significantly by HRT and OLR. The influent COD was removed effectively through the synergistic effects of the anaerobic baffling and anaerobic filtration. The baffle zone played the main role in the degradation of the pollutants, and the filter zone mainly contributed to improve the resistance to shock loading. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial and archaeal community structure and diversity. Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Longilinea, Acetoanaerobium, Arcobacter, and Acinetobacter were found to be the dominant bacteria. While Methanothrix and Methanoregula were the dominant archaea, which were responsible for methane generation. This study not only highlights the good energy recovery and resource utilization potential of the combined bioreactor but also presents significant guidance for the application of the combined anaerobic process for low-strength rural wastewater treatment.Neuro-schistosomiasis can induce neurological symptoms and severe disability. Since the resistance against the chemotherapy "praziquantel" was reported, the aim of the present study was investigating the anti-neuro-schistosomal effects of ZnO nanoparticles and/or L-carnitine (as free radicals scavenger) on schistosome-infected mice, where technology of nanoparticles has come to the forefront in the medical diagnosis and therapeutic drug delivery. In the human body, nanoscale-sized particles can move freely and reveal unique biological, mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. In the present study, mice were divided into five groups. The first group served as the non-infected control group. Groups II, III, IV, and V were infected with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. Mice of groups III and IV were treated with ZnO nanoparticles (5.6&nbsp;mg/kg b. wt.) and L-carnitine (500&nbsp;mg/kg b. wt.), respectively, after 47&nbsp;days post-infection. Finally, mice of the fifth group were injected with ZnO nanoparticles and after 1&nbsp;h, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with L-carnitine once daily for 5&nbsp;days. On day 52, post-infection mice of all groups were cervically decapitated. The treatment of ZnO nanoparticles and/or L-carnitine to schistosome-infected mice decreased brain oxidative stress parameters, where glutathione level and catalase activity were significantly increased&nbsp;as compared to schistosome-infected group. On the contrary, the treatment decreased nitrite/nitrate, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species levels significantly. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles and/or L-carnitine treatment restored DNA laddering profile and improved the brain histopathological impairments resulting from neuro-schistosomiasis. Finally, the ZnO nanoparticle treatment and the co-treatment of ZnO nanoparticles and L-carnitine revealed anti-neuro-schistosomal effects on the infected mice.Fine particulate (PM2.5) bound non-polar organic compounds (NPOCs) and associated diagnostic parameters were studied at Jammu, an urban location in the foothills of North-Western Himalayan Region. PM2.5 was collected daily (24&nbsp;h, once a week) over a year to assess monthly and seasonal variations in NPOC concentration and their source(s) activity. Samples were analyzed on thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry to identify and quantify source-specific organic markers. Homologous series of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), isoprenoid hydrocarbons and nicotine were investigated to understand the sources of aerosols in the region. The annual mean concentration of PM2.5 during the sampling period was found higher than the permissible limit of India's National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. The rise of concentration for PM2.5 and associated NPOCs in summer season was attributed to enhanced emission. The n-alkane-based diagnostic parameters indicated mixed contributions of NPOCs from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel-related combustion with significant inputs from biogenic emission. Moreover, high influence of petrogenic contribution&nbsp;was observed in summer (monsoon) months. The quantifiable amounts of isoprenoid hydrocarbons further confirmed this observation. Total PAH concentration also followed an increasing trend from March to June, and June onwards a sharp decrease was observed. The higher concentration of environmental tobacco smoke marker nicotine in winter months was plausibly due to lower air temperature and conditions unfavourable to photo-degradation. A clear dominance of low molecular weight PAHs was noticed with rare presence of toxic PAHs in the ambient atmosphere of Jammu. PAH-based diagnostic parameters suggested substantial contribution from low temperature pyrolysis processes like biomass/crop-residue burning, wood and coal fire in the region. Specific wood burning markers further confirmed this observation.Plants are sessile and unable to avoid environmental stresses, such as drought, high temperature, and high salinity, which often limit the overall plant growth. Plants have evolved many complex mechanisms to survive these abiotic stresses via post-translational modifications. Recent evidence suggests that ubiquitination plays a crucial role in regulating abiotic stress responses in plants by regulating their substrate proteins. Here, we reported the molecular function of a RING finger E3 ligase, Oryza sativa Drought, Heat and Salt-induced RING finger protein 1 (OsDHSRP1), involved in regulating plant abiotic stress tolerance via the Ub/26S proteasome system. The OsDHSRP1 gene transcripts were highly expressed under various abiotic stresses such as NaCl, drought, and heat and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, in vitro ubiquitination assays demonstrated that the OsDHSRP1 protein possesses a RING-H2 type domain that confers ligase functionality. The results of yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), in vitro pu in regulating various abiotic stress responses via an ABA-independent pathway.For evaluating whether an eye-tracker is suitable for measuring microsaccades, Poletti &amp; Rucci (2016) propose that a measure called 'resolution' could be better than the more established root-mean-square of the sample-to-sample distances (RMS-S2S). Many open questions exist around the resolution measure, however. Resolution needs to be calculated using data from an artificial eye that can be turned in very small steps. Furthermore, resolution has an unclear and uninvestigated relationship to the RMS-S2S and STD (standard deviation) measures of precision (Holmqvist &amp; Andersson, 2017, p. 159-190), and there is another metric by the same name (Clarke, Ditterich, Drüen, Schönfeld, and Steineke 2002), which instead quantifies the errors of amplitude measurements. In this paper, we present a mechanism, the Stepperbox, for rotating artificial eyes in arbitrary angles from 1' (arcmin) and upward. We then use the Stepperbox to find the minimum reliably detectable rotations in 11 video-based eye-trackers (VOGs) and the Dual Purkinje Imaging (DPI) tracker. We find that resolution correlates significantly with RMS-S2S and, to a lesser extent, with STD. In addition, we find that although most eye-trackers can detect some small rotations of an artificial eye, the rotations of amplitudes up to 2∘ are frequently erroneously measured by video-based eye-trackers. We show evidence that the corneal reflection (CR) feature of these eye-trackers is a major cause of erroneous measurements of small rotations of artificial eyes. Our data strengthen the existing body of evidence that video-based eye-trackers produce errors that may require that we reconsider some results from research on reading, microsaccades, and vergence, where the amplitude of small eye movements have been measured with past or current video-based eye-trackers. In contrast, the DPI reports correct rotation amplitudes down to 1'.BACKGROUND Narrow definitions of long-term opioid (LTO) use result in limited knowledge of the full range of LTO prescribing patterns and the rates of these patterns. OBJECTIVE To investigate a model of new LTO prescribing typologies using latent class analysis. DESIGN National administrative data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse were accessed using the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. Characterization of the typology of initial LTO prescribing was explored using latent class analysis. PARTICIPANTS Veterans initiating LTO during 2016 through the Veteran's Administration Healthcare System (N = 42,230). MAIN MEASURES Opioid receipt as determined by VA prescription data, using the cabinet supply methodology. KEY RESULTS Over one-quarter (27.7%) of the sample fell into the fragmented new long-term prescribing category, 39.8% were characterized by uniform daily new LTO, and the remaining 32.7% were characterized by uniform episodic LTO. Each of these three broad sub-groups also included two additional sub-groups (6 classes total in the model), characterized by the presence or absence of prior opioid prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS New LTO prescribing in the VA includes uniform daily prescribing, uniform episodic prescribing, and fragmented prescribing. Future work is needed to elucidate the safety and efficacy of these prescribing patterns.