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A novel acute-phase protein, YKL-40, is known as an inflammation-associated glycoprotein. YKL-40 is shown to be linked to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and tissue remodeling secreted by various cells and is also considered to be stimulated by cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). The present study aimed to investigate YKL-40 and IL-6 levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) after non-surgical periodontal therapy for the first time.<br /><br /> Twenty-six CP patients and 26 periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled. Clinical measurements were recorded; saliva and GCF samples were obtained at baseline and 1 and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Levels of YKL-40 and IL-6 in saliva and GCF were analysed by ELISA.<br /><br /> Salivary and GCF YKL-40 and IL-6 levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in CP patients compared to healthy controls at baseline (p &lt; 0.001). At 1 and 3 months after the completion of treatment, both YKL-40 and IL-6 levels in saliva and GCF had statistically significantly decreased compared with baseline values in CP patients (p &lt; 0.001). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was observed between 1 and 3 months in terms of salivary and GCF YKL-40 and IL-6 levels or any of the clinical findings (p &gt; 0.016).<br /><br /> Salivary and GCF YKL-40 levels may be useful to evaluate resolution of periodontal inflammation. Within the limits of this study, YKL-40 acute-phase protein might be a potential biomarker for detection of periodontitis and monitoring the response to periodontal therapy.<br /><br />Salivary and GCF YKL-40 levels may be useful to evaluate resolution of periodontal inflammation. Within the limits of this study, YKL-40 acute-phase protein might be a potential biomarker for detection of periodontitis and monitoring the response to periodontal therapy.<br /><br /> To investigate whether toothpastes with diamond powder vs those with traditional abrasives abrade dentin and enamel differently and to determine the relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) and relative enamel abrasivity (REA) values of those toothpastes.<br /><br /> Dentin and enamel samples of bovine permanent incisors were randomly allocated into groups of eight, brushed with 20 different toothpastes (three of which contained diamond powder) and analysed for their RDA and REA values.<br /><br /> Toothpastes with diamond powder exhibit low RDA values but high REA values. Some RDA values exceeded the ones declared by the manufacturer.<br /><br /> Diamond powder as an abrasive might have a mild action on dentin, but it is highly abrasive on enamel.<br /><br />Diamond powder as an abrasive might have a mild action on dentin, but it is highly abrasive on enamel.<br /><br /> Periodontitis is characterised by inflammation of periodontium and alveolar bone loss. Gardenia jasminoides is reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/acetohydroxamic-acid.html buy Acetohydroxamic] In this study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extract of G. jasminoides (GJ) on periodontitis.<br /><br /> Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 weeks were randomly placed in three groups (n = 7); non-ligatured and non-treated (NL group), ligatured and distilled water-treated (L group) and ligatured and 100 mg/kg GJ-treated (GJ group). After oral administration of GJ for 14 days, the mandibles were removed for histology. In addition, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 100 ng/ml receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ ligand (RANKL) and 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml GJ for 7 days to analyse the expression of periodontitis-related factors.<br /><br /> In GJ-treated mice, the score of alveolar bone loss was statistically significantly attenuated compared with the L group. GJ treatment showed inhibition effect in the progress of cementum demineralisation. The expressions of proinflammatory cytokines in gingival tissue were statistically significantly regulated by GJ treatment. Additionally, GJ treatment showed the dose-dependent inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Furthermore, GJ treatment downregulated the RANKL-induced cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells.<br /><br /> In summary, GJ ameliorated periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss via inhibiting transcription factors including nuclear factor-κB, c-fos and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling. Therefore, GJ might be a therapeutic option for treating periodontitis.<br /><br />In summary, GJ ameliorated periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss via inhibiting transcription factors including nuclear factor-κB, c-fos and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling. Therefore, GJ might be a therapeutic option for treating periodontitis.<br /><br /> To determine the prevalence of developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in premolars whose infected predecessors were submitted to pulp therapy with antibiotic paste or extractions due to pulp necrosis.<br /><br /> A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample consisting of children and adolescents who presented with fully erupted premolars, was evaluated. Data were collected by dental examinations, in which the modified DDE index was applied. Dental records were evaluated and three groups of premolars were determined according to the clinical history of predecessors GCTZ with pulp necrosis and treated with CTZ (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, zinc oxide and eugenol) paste; GE with pulp necrosis and treated by extraction; GH healthy and physiologically exfoliated. Descriptive analysis and a logistic regression (p &lt;0.05) were performed.<br /><br /> The study included 1017 premolars, DDE was present in 22.5%. Premolars belonging to the GE group presented higher odds of DDE (odds ratio (OR) = 3.52, 95% CI2.29-5.40) than those of GCTZ group (OR = 2.43, 95% CI1.51-3.91) and GH group (p &lt;0.01). Enamel defects were more frequent in maxillary premolars (OR = 3.22, 95% CI1.65-6.27, OR = 3.39, 95% CI1.67-6.90, OR = 2.90, 95% CI1.48-5.66 and OR = 3.10, 95% CI1.54-6.23).<br /><br /> The prevalence of enamel defects was higher in premolars whose predecessors were removed because of necrosis, followed by those treated with CTZ paste and those that were healthy by the time exfoliation occurred.<br /><br />The prevalence of enamel defects was higher in premolars whose predecessors were removed because of necrosis, followed by those treated with CTZ paste and those that were healthy by the time exfoliation occurred.<br /><br /> This study evaluated repair protocols of a non-aged and aged bulk-fill composite in terms of bond strength and leakage.<br /><br /> Ninety-six bulk-fill resin specimens were constructed; half were submitted to thermocycling. Specimens were divided into six groups (n = 16) according to the repair treatments CG no repair (control group); Ad adhesive; DbAd abrasion with diamond bur + adhesive; SbAd sandblasting + adhesive; DbSiAd abrasion with diamond bur + silane + adhesive; and SbSiAd sandblasting + silane + adhesive. Resin blocks were bonded to the treated surfaces to simulate repair, and the specimens were submitted to microtensile bond strength testing. The failure area was evaluated under a stereomicroscope (40X magnification), and leakage after specimen immersion in silver nitrate solution for 24 h was evaluated under a microscope (200X magnification). Three-way ANOVA (surface treatment, chemical agent, aging) and Tukey's test were performed.<br /><br /> Ad and DbAd groups showed the lowest bond strengths, while Ad was the only group negatively influenced by aging. The other groups were statistically similar to the CG in both conditions. All groups exhibited leakage, but groups without silane presented a greater percentage of leakage, mainly when diamond burs were used. Thermocycling did not influence leakage, nor did surface treatment in groups with silane.<br /><br /> For composite repair, the use of silane is recommended, mainly when diamond burs are used as a mechanical surface treatment.<br /><br />For composite repair, the use of silane is recommended, mainly when diamond burs are used as a mechanical surface treatment.<br /><br /> To assess the mandibular cortical width (MCW) and morphology of the mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) on panoramic views from a large sample of males and females in various age groups by using an automated morphometric grading system for assisting osteoporosis screening. Furthermore, possible predictors and concrete cut-off values to identify the risk for osteoporosis were evaluated.<br /><br /> MCW, MIC, tooth loss (TL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL) were retrospectively evaluated in 700 panoramic images from dental patients in Hong Kong using commercially available software. To estimate possible predictors for identifying the risk of osteoporosis, age, TL, and ABL were evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each gender separately.<br /><br /> The age groups 60s (sixties), 70s and 80s showed statistically significant gender differences. For example, a smaller MCW and more MIC Class 3 were found in females. Furthermore, females exhibited a statistically significant increase in TL in the age groups 50 years and above. In males, age, TL or ABL did not correlate with MCW, whereas in females it statistically significantly did. Meanwhile, the correlation between ABL and MCW and MIC was weak for both genders. Concrete cut-off values to identify patients at risk of osteoporosis were 60.15 years and 3.5 missing teeth in females, and 72.55 years in males.<br /><br /> Age and tooth loss were related to MCW and MIC in the population investigated. An age of ≥60 as well as more than 3.5 teeth lost seem to be indicators for a risk of osteoporosis in Chinese females based on panoramic views using artificial-intelligence-based software.<br /><br />Age and tooth loss were related to MCW and MIC in the population investigated. An age of ≥60 as well as more than 3.5 teeth lost seem to be indicators for a risk of osteoporosis in Chinese females based on panoramic views using artificial-intelligence-based software.<br /><br /> Oral mucositis (OM) is the most frequent side effect of radiation. Selenium deficiency leads to increased levels of free oxygen radicals and the selenium level tends to fall during radiotherapy. Hence, in this double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial, the effect of selenium was assessed in patients receiving radiation.<br /><br /> Patients with head and neck cancer who were candidates to receive radiation were instructed to use selenium 200 mcg tablets twice daily. The grade of OM was evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system on a weekly basis. The selenium level was measured at baseline and at the end of the radiation.<br /><br /> Seventy-one patients with head and neck cancer (37 in the selenium group, 34 in the placebo group) were enrolled in the study. The cumulative incidence of OM (grade 1-4) was 97.3% in the selenium and 100% in placebo group (p value 0.79), and difference in the mean serum selenium level at the end of radiation was not statistically significant between the two groups (p v.irct.ir (ID No. IRCT2014072718612N1).<br /><br /> This study aimed to evaluate the experience of specific oral and dental symptoms or side effects as reported by patients following the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products.<br /><br /> The study involved paper-based confidential survey questionnaires accessible for a period of 8 months to patients attending the School of Dentistry Dental Clinic, Griffith University, Australia. This study recorded demography, smoking history, NRT use history, and specific oral and systemic symptoms. The data was assessed and grouped into three divisions those with no history of NRT use, current and former users of NRT, and current users of NRT.<br /><br /> Current users of NRT reported a statistically significantly higher incidence of all oral symptoms and increased incidence of systemic symptoms, as compared to those with no history of NRT use. There was no statistically significant difference between current and former users of NRT for almost all symptoms.<br /><br /> A correlative relationship has been observed between the use of NRT products and patients' reported oral symptoms.