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Ocular injuries occur frequently in sports, affecting the globe, surrounding soft tissues, and the orbital bony structure. This review provides the craniofacial surgeon a broad general overview of epidemiology, mechanism of disease, and prevention.<br /><br />Ocular injuries occur frequently in sports, affecting the globe, surrounding soft tissues, and the orbital bony structure. This review provides the craniofacial surgeon a broad general overview of epidemiology, mechanism of disease, and prevention.<br /><br /> Cervical spinal injuries are a rare, but potentially devastating occurrence in sports. Although many of these injuries occur in unsupervised sports, they are also seen in organized sports - most commonly in football, wrestling, and ice hockey. Additionally, although each sport is associated with its own unique injury patterns, axial loading remains a common theme seen in cervical injuries associated with significant neurologic impairment. Regardless of the mechanism, a cautious and conservative approach should be taken with regards to evaluation, management, and return to play.<br /><br />Cervical spinal injuries are a rare, but potentially devastating occurrence in sports. Although many of these injuries occur in unsupervised sports, they are also seen in organized sports - most commonly in football, wrestling, and ice hockey. Additionally, although each sport is associated with its own unique injury patterns, axial loading remains a common theme seen in cervical injuries associated with significant neurologic impairment. Regardless of the mechanism, a cautious and conservative approach should be taken with regards to evaluation, management, and return to play.<br /><br /> Soccer is a global sport played by millions annually with an increasing popularity in the United States. Game is played by a wide range of participants from all ages and levels of competition. This scenario leads to a potential disparity in the injury profile based on quantifiable demographics. As the game continues to grow, injury detection and side-line assessment must change as well.<br /><br /> Utilizing a national injury database, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using 10 years of data collected from randomly selected emergency departments across the United States. Patient demographics, injury sites, and diagnosis were recorded. Diagnoses examined included concussion, contusion or abrasion, dental injury, fracture, hematoma, hemorrhage, internal injury, and laceration.<br /><br /> Highest percentage of craniofacial injuries was observed in soccer players between the ages of 12 and 18. In ages 6 to 11 the most common injuries were contusions and dental injuries, with a significantly low number of fractures. Withiive applicable to all demographics for the sport of soccer.<br /><br /> This paper presents the outcomes of a conservative approach to greenstick condylar fracture treatment in a child. Serial changes of the inclination angle were measured in a greenstick fracture of the mandibular subcondyle treated with intermaxillary fixation (IMF).A 7-year-old girl presented with the complaint of pain on her chin. She had fallen from a 3-m height and hit her face on the floor. She had limited mouth-opening of one finger breadth. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography confirmed a green-stick (incomplete) fracture of the right condyle, in which the lateral side of the bone was fractured and the medial side was bent. The medial inclination was approximately 67.9°. On the second posttrauma day, IMF was performed using arch-bars and a prefabricated occlusal stop. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/n-formyl-met-leu-phe-fmlp.html selleck chemicals llc] Serial Town's views were taken. The inclination of the fractured condyle was measured and compared with the contralateral side. The difference in inclination angles (DI) between the fractured and contralateral sides was plotted oen  0.001).This case shows that even in children, a greenstick fracture of the mandibular condyle can be treated by vertical lengthening using an occlusal stop and IMF.<br /><br /> Craniofacial fractures from canine bites are rare, but can be devastating events that lead to complex surgical management, long-term functional deficits, and psychological sequelae. The objective of this case-control study was to identify risks associated with craniofacial fractures in pediatric dog bite victims. From 2008 to 2019 at our quaternary center, all children with craniofacial fractures from dog bites were included in this study. Controls were obtained in a 21 ratio via a random sample of all dog bite encounters. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 3602 dog bite encounters, 114 children were included in the study with an average age of 4.8 years (interquartile range = 2.4-9.1 years) and 51 patients (45%) were female. Seventy-four children (65%) were bitten by a family-owned dog. Thirty-eight patients with 60 craniofacial fractures were identified. The following factors were significantly associated with increased risk for craniofacial fural households with large dogs are at high risk for sustaining craniofacial fractures from bite injuries. Craniofacial surgeons, pediatricians, and emergency department physicians should use these data to lead prevention efforts in the community.<br /><br /> Aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) are a rare entity. Purely intrameatal aneurysms are even rarer. The author reported 2 ruptured intrameatal aneurysms that were treated by fully endoscope-controlled clipping. Retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed and the aneurysm was clipped definitely intraoperative without postoperative deficits except hearing loss and slight facial nerve paresis. Follow-up angiography demonstrated exclusion of the aneurysm, confirming preservation of the distal aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Endoscopic enhancement of the visual field provided by the endoscope may be a safe and effective application to increase the quality of treatment for intrameatal aneurysm, especially for deep aneurysm.<br /><br />Aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) are a rare entity. Purely intrameatal aneurysms are even rarer. The author reported 2 ruptured intrameatal aneurysms that were treated by fully endoscope-controlled clipping. Retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed and the aneurysm was clipped definitely intraoperative without postoperative deficits except hearing loss and slight facial nerve paresis.