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Photodynamic therapy is a light-activated medical technique, which has received increasing attention within the last decade to treat various diseases including bacterial, viral or fungal infections as well as cancer. To overcome the limitations of the currently clinically applied photosensitizers based on a tetrapyrrolic scaffold, metal complexes are sought to be an interesting alternative. While these complexes show attractive photophysical and biological properties, the majority of these compounds are excited using visible light, which is associated with a poor tissue penetration. To circumvent this drawback, increasing attention has been devoted towards the use of 2-Photon instead of 1-Photon irradiation. In this mini-review, the metal complexes prepared in view of 2P-PDT are reviewed and the requirements these compounds need to fulfil to be of interest are critically discussed.The interaction of Tb3+ and La3+ cations with different photosystem II (PSII) membranes (intact PSII, Ca-depleted PSII (PSII[-Ca]) and Mn-depleted PSII (PSII[-Mn]) membranes) was studied. Although both lanthanide cations (Ln3+) interact only with Ca2+-binding site of oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in PSII and PSII(-Ca) membranes, we found that in PSII(-Mn) membranes both Ln3+ ions tightly bind to another site localized on the oxidizing side of PSII. Binding of Ln3+ cations to this site is not protected by Ca2+ and is accompanied by very effective inhibition of Mn2+ oxidation at the high-affinity (HA) Mn-binding site ([Mn2+  + H2O2] couple was used as a donor of electrons). The values of the constant for inhibition of electron transport Ki are equal to 2.10 ± 0.03 µM for Tb3+ and 8.3 ± 0.4 µM for La3+, whereas OEC inhibition constant in the native PSII membranes is 323 ± 7 µM for Tb3+. The value of Ki for Tb3+ corresponds to Ki for Mn2+ cations in the reaction of diphenylcarbazide oxidation via HA site (1.5 µM) presented in the literature. Our results suggest that Ln3+ cations bind to the HA Mn-binding site in PSII(-Mn) membranes like Mn2+ or Fe2+ cations. Taking into account the fact that Mn2+ and Fe2+ cations bind to the HA site as trivalent cations after light-induced oxidation and the fact that Mn cation bound to the HA site (Mn4) is also in trivalent state, we can suggest that valency may be important for the interaction of Ln3+ with the HA site.<br /><br /> Postoperative seromas are a problem in the surgical treatment of breast cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the lysine-urethane-based tissue adhesive TissuGlu<br /><br /> without drainage is equal/ non-inferior to standard mastecomy with drainage.<br /><br /> The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, multicentre non-inferiority study comparing the use of TissuGlu<br /><br /> without drainage with standard wound care with a drain insertion in ablative breast procedures. The number of clinical interventions, quality of life and wound complications were followed-up for 90days in both groups.<br /><br /> Although the statistical power was not reached, twice as many clinical interventions were performed in the TissuGlu<br /><br /> group than in the drainage group, especially aspirations of clinically relevant seromas (p = 0.014). The TissuGlu<br /><br /> group produced overall less wound fluid, but developed a clinically relevant seroma (100% vs. 63%) which made an intervention necessary. Less hospitalisation time was observed in the TissuGlu<br /><br /> group, but the complication rate was higher. There was no significant difference in regards to postoperative pain. In summary the non-inferiority of TissuGlu<br /><br /> compared to standard drainage couldn't be reached.<br /><br /> The present evaluation shows no advantage of the tissue adhesive TissuGlu<br /><br /> in terms of seroma formation and frequency of intervention compared to a standard drainage for mastectomies, but the shorter inpatient stay certainly has a positive effect on the quality of life.<br /><br />The present evaluation shows no advantage of the tissue adhesive TissuGlu® in terms of seroma formation and frequency of intervention compared to a standard drainage for mastectomies, but the shorter inpatient stay certainly has a positive effect on the quality of life.<br /><br /> Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe form of spina bifida with intrauterine repairs becoming more prevalent. The development of three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has drastically improved the visualization of fetal anatomy.<br /><br /> Virtual Navigation (VN) results from a technology that uses software generated realistic images to replicate the immersive feeling of a real environment.<br /><br /> This report aims to demonstrate VN in a Chiari II malformation case, obtained from 3DUS and MRI files, comparing this with the fetal endoscopic surgery for MMC.<br /><br />This report aims to demonstrate VN in a Chiari II malformation case, obtained from 3DUS and MRI files, comparing this with the fetal endoscopic surgery for MMC.<br /><br /> The purpose of this study was to determine the most reliable radiographic measurement method to evaluate PTS as a risk factor for ACL reconstruction failure.<br /><br /> Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction or ACL revision reconstruction between January 2009 and December 2014 by a single surgeon were included. Fifty-two consecutive patients who underwent ACL revision reconstruction were compared to a random selection of 52 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction and a control group of 52 patients without ACL injury. ACL reconstruction was performed using either ipsilateral (primary) or contralateral (revision) quadrupled hamstring autograft. Lateral knee radiographs were evaluated using three methods (1) longitudinal axis, (2) anterior tibial cortex axis, and (3) posterior tibial cortex.<br /><br /> A significant difference was found between subjects who underwent ACL reconstruction and control knees (6.79° vs. 5.31°, p = 0.046) using the posterior tibial cortex method. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-549.html see more] No other statistical significance was found between groups. A multiple linear regression analysis found that the PTS as measured by any method was not affected by the patient's age, sex, height, weight, and BMI. All methods of measurement for PTS demonstrated excellent (ICC &gt; 0.90) intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, but only the posterior tibial cortex method maintained excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (ICC &gt; 0.90) when evaluating patients with ACL revision reconstruction.<br /><br /> The posterior tibial cortex measurement is the most reliable method for analyzing the PTS on lateral knee radiographs in patients undergoing ACL revision reconstruction.<br /><br />The posterior tibial cortex measurement is the most reliable method for analyzing the PTS on lateral knee radiographs in patients undergoing ACL revision reconstruction.