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Aim. Exposure to real codes during pediatric residency training is scarce. Consequently, experiencing mock codes scenarios can provide an opportunity to increase residents' confidence and knowledge in managing pediatric emergencies. Hypothesis. Pediatric senior residents perform better as code team leaders if they are exposed to frequent mock codes. Material and Methods. Forty-three pediatric senior residents (postgraduate year [PGY] two and three) participated in the study. Team leader performance was assessed utilizing the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) scoring. Residents' team leadership performance was assessed before and 6 months after the implementation of weekly mock codes. Results. Pediatric residents' team leadership performance in mock codes improved after exposure to weekly practice mock code sessions (71.93 ± 18.50 vs 81.44 ± 11.84, P = 0.01). Conclusion. Increasing the frequency of mock code sessions during residency training led to an improvement in code team leadership performance in pediatric senior residents.Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection that is prevalent in western United States, Central America, and South America. The infection is acquired by inhalation. It can affect persons of all ages including infants and children. The majority of cases are asymptomatic and the incidence of infection is greater during a dry summer season after heavy rainfall in prior winter. For those with symptoms, they may experience a self-limiting influenza-like illness. However, some may progress toward pneumonia or disseminated diseases involving skeletal system and central nervous system. The diagnosis is based mainly on various serology testing. Antifungal treatment is generally not required for those with mild symptoms. For those with moderate to severe infections, the mainstay of treatment is azole, with fluconazole being often considered as the first line therapy. Currently there is no effective solution to prevent coccidioidomycosis. Those who work in high-risk conditions should be given appropriate protective equipment as well as education on proper precaution.Increased gut permeability has been suggested in patients with celiac disease (CD). We aimed to compare gut permeability in children using the lactulose/rhamnose permeability test. We prospectively recruited 55 children into 3 groups; 27 in group 1 (children with newly diagnosed celiac disease, 12 in group 2 (siblings of children with celiac disease) and 16 in group 3 (control group). The median age of participants was 11 years 2 months in group 1, 9 years 5 months in group 2 and 10 years 3 months in group 3. Standardized median delta rhamnose was lower in CD group as compared to control group (147.5 vs 3153.1, P = 0.040). The low median rhamnose absorption in children with celiac disease as compared to other groups suggests that this test can differentiate between damaged and healthy mucosa, hence can it potentially can be used as a noninvasive test of mucosal healing in children with celiac disease.Background. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a common reason that parents seek help to primary health care. In 2016, almost 65% (64.4%) pneumonia and less than 36% (35.6%) non-pneumonia cases were found among the children in Malang. Members of families have important roles to play in individual's health, especially the children. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of family members in the care and prevention of children with ARI. Method. This was a qualitative study, with a phenomenological approach involving 12 informants. An in-depth interview was conducted on each informant having children with recurrent ARI during a space of 3 months in the primary health care. Information collected from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed into different themes. Results. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cft8634.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cft8634.html] The 4 themes identified include ARI in children, parent roles, influences of family members, and family problems. Different styles of parenting were established between the fathers and mothers also between the mothers and grandmothers on preventing ARI. The behavior of other family members impact both on the risk and prevention of ARI. Some of the identified problems capable of affecting children's health include inability to control the children, unstable income and the stressed condition of most mothers. Conclusion. Behavior of family members impacts on the prevention of ARI among the children. Problems within the family could affect the mothers' or caregivers' psychology, which might in turn impact on the care given to the children infected with ARI or in preventing it.Background. Vaccination is an effective public health intervention that has contributed to a substantial reduction in the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Abridged evidence on incomplete vaccination is not well established in Ethiopia. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of incomplete vaccination and its predictors among children aged 12 to 23 months. Methods. Primary studies conducted in Ethiopia were searched. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. The analysis was conducted using STATA 14 and RevMan. The presence of statistical heterogeneity was checked using the Cochran Q test, and its level was quantified using I2 statistics. Pooled prevalence and odds ratio (OR) were computed at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The pooled prevalence of incomplete vaccination was 30% (95% CI 25-35). Maternal illiteracy (OR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.40, 2.74) and home delivery (OR = 2.78; 95% CI 2.28, 3.38) were associated factors that increased incomplete vaccination. However, maternal autonomy (OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.33, 0.89), maternal knowledge (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.20, 0.47), husband employment (OR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.35, 0.67), urban residence (OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.43, 0.86), ANC visits (OR = 0.30; 95% CI 0.23, 0.39), postnatal care (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.30, 0.52), and tetanus toxoid vaccine (3+) (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.26, 0.69) were factors that reduced incomplete vaccination. Conclusion. In Ethiopia, 3 out of 10 children have incomplete vaccination. Policies should focus on strengthening and improving women's education, maternal health knowledge, empowering women, and the utilization of prenatal care can overcome some of the barriers.