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Possible applications are the use as a stand-alone algorithm for 3D and 4D motion tracking or in the beginning of studies until enough datasets for a separate training phase are available.A capacitive impedance metasurface combined with a transceiver coil to improve the radio frequency magnetic field for 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging applications is presented. The novel transceiver provides localized enhancement in magnetic flux density when compared to a transceiver coil alone by incorporating an electrically small metasurface using an interdigital capacitance approach. Full field simulations employing the metasurface show a significant improvement in magnetic flux density inside a homogeneous dielectric phantom, which is also shown to perform well for a range of depths into the phantom. The concept was experimentally demonstrated through vector network analyzer measurements and images have been taken using a 1.5T MRI scanner. The results show there is a 216% improvement in transmission efficiency, a 133% improvement in receiver signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and a 415% improvement in transceiver SNR for a particular transmission power when compared against a surface coil positioned at the same distance from the phantom, where these improvements are the maximum observed during experiments.This article presents a rapid parametric design system of the rotary kinetic sculpture. The multilevel skeletons enable users to model propeller-like units rapidly, arrange and deform them collaboratively, and generate transmission mechanisms automatically without any specialized machine knowledge. Experimental results show that our system can help users get diverse rotary kinetic sculptures effectively.Vision-language navigation (VLN) is the task of navigating an embodied agent to carry out natural language instructions inside real 3D environments. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sb297006.html Selleckchem SB-297006] In this paper, we study how to address three critical challenges for this task the cross-modal grounding, the ill-posed feedback, and the generalization problems. First, we propose a novel Reinforced Cross-Modal Matching (RCM) approach that enforces cross-modal grounding both locally and globally via reinforcement learning (RL). Particularly, a matching critic is used to provide an intrinsic reward to encourage global matching between instructions and trajectories, and a reasoning navigator is employed to perform cross-modal grounding in the local visual scene. Evaluation on a VLN benchmark dataset shows that our RCM model significantly outperforms baseline methods by 10% on Success Rate weighted by Path Length (SPL) and achieves the state-of-the-art performance. To improve the generalizability of the learned policy, we further introduce a Self-Supervised Imitation Learning (SIL) method to explore and adapt to unseen environments by imitating its own past, good decisions. We demonstrate that SIL can approximate a better and more efficient policy, which tremendously minimizes the success rate performance gap between seen and unseen environments (from 30.7% to 11.7%).OBJECTIVE The choroidal vessels, which supply oxygen and nutrient to the retina, may play a pivotal role in eye disease pathogenesis such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. In addition, the retrobulbar circulation that feeds the choroid shows an important pathophysiologic role in myopia and degenerative myopia. Owing to the light-absorbing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and optically opaque sclera, choroidal and retrobulbar vasculature were difficult to be observed using clinically accepted optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) technique. Here, we have developed super-resolution ultrasound microvessel imaging technique to visualize the deep ocular vasculature. METHODS An 18-MHz linear array transducer with compounding plane wave imaging technique and contrast agent - microbubble was implemented in this study. The centroid intensity of each microbubble was detected using image deconvolution algorithm with spatially variant point spread function, and then accumulated in successive frames in order to reconstruct microvasculature. The image deconvolution technique was first evaluated in a simulation study and experimental flow phantoms. The performance was then validated on normal rabbit eyes in vivo. RESULTS The image deconvolution based super-resolution ultrasound microvessel imaging technique shows good performance on either simulation study or flow phantoms. In vivo rabbit eye study indicates that the micron-level choroidal and retrobulbar vessels around the optic nerve head are successfully reconstructed in multiple 2D views and 3D volume imaging. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the capability of using super-resolution ultrasound microvessel imaging technique to image the microvasculature of the posterior pole of the eye. This efficient approach can potentially lead to a routinely performed diagnostic procedure in the field of ophthalmology.OBJECTIVE Electrosurgical vessel sealing is a process commonly used to control bleeding during surgical procedures. Finite element (FE) modeling is often performed to obtain a better understanding of thermal spread during this process. The accuracy of the FE model depends on the implemented material properties. Thermal conductivity is one of the most important properties that affect temperature distribution. The goal of this study is to determine the tissue thermal conductivity as a function of thermal dose. METHODS We developed an iterative approach to correlating tissue thermal conductivity to more accurately calculated thermal dose, which cannot be experimentally measured. The resulting regression model was then implemented into an electrosurgical vessel sealing FE model to examine the accuracy of this FE model. RESULTS The results show that with the regression model, more reasonable temperature and thermal dose prediction can be achieved at the center of the sealed vessel tissue. The resulting electrical current and impedance from the FE model match with the experimental results. CONCLUSION The developed approach can be used to determine the correlation between thermal dose and thermal conductivity. Describing the thermal conductivity as a function of thermal dose allows modeling of irreversible changes in tissue properties. SIGNIFICANCE By having a more accurate temperature estimation at the center of the sealed vessel, more insight is provided into how the tissue reacts during the vessel sealing process.