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The observed decrease in the density increment is caused by the protein size only and no difference is found between antifreeze and non-antifreeze proteins.PdSe2 is a unique layered two-dimensional (2D) material with pentagonal structural motif and anisotropic properties. In addition, its strong interlayer interaction leads to new 2D form of the exfoliated monolayer, that is, Pd2Se3. Despite the increasing interest in these emerging 2D materials, the landscape of the native point defects, as a fundamental materials property, has not been revealed. In this work, we systematically investigate different types of defects in mono- and bi-layer PdSe2 and monolayer Pd2Se3. In contrast to the common expectation, Se vacancy is not the readily formed defect. Instead, Se-excess defects, such as SePd antisite and Se interstitial, are more likely to form over a majority of the allowed range of the atomic chemical potentials. Se-deficiency defect, Pd interstitial, is able to form under the Se-poor condition in bilayer PdSe2. The defect-mediated interlayer fusion model in the formation of monolayer Pd2Se3 from bilayer PdSe2 is reformulated. These dominant defects are found to stay in the neutral charge state, partly explaining the ambipolar behavior of the PdSe2 transistors. Finally, the stacked and lateral contacts between these few-layer semiconductors and the native Pd17Se15 metal are also studied. All these interfaces show p-type contact properties. This work reveals the important materials properties of few-layer PdSe2 and Pd2Se3 for the better development of new functional devices.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1055/s-0040-1702612.]. © Thieme Medical Publishers.Nutrition is fundamental to maintaining health, managing chronic diseases, and preventing illness, but unlike physical activity there is not yet a way to unobtrusively and automatically measure nutrition. While recent work has shown that body-worn sensors can be used to identify meal times, to have an impact on health and fully replace manual food logs, we need to identify not only when someone is eating, but what they are consuming. However, it is challenging to collect labeled data in daily life, while lab data does not always generalize to reality. To address this, we develop new algorithms for semi-supervised hierarchical classification that enable higher accuracy when training on data with weak labels. Using this approach, we present the first results on automated classification of foods consumed in data collected from body-worn audio and motion sensors in free-living environments. We show that by exploiting a mix of lab and free-living data, we can achieve a classification accuracy of 88% on unrestricted meals (e.g. stir fry, pizza, salad) in unrestricted environments such as home and restaurants. Ultimately, this lays the foundation for body-worn devices that can calculate calories and macronutrients by identifying food type and quantity.Leukostasis is a life-threatening complication of acute hyperleukocytic leukemia, and is associated with substantial mortality. Management of leukostasis requires time-sensitive diagnostics and therapeutics, and leukapheresis remains a mainstay of treatment in select patients. Leukapheresis requires coordination of multi-disciplinary resources, which can prove challenging in the emergency department setting, and delays in treatment due to the complexity and coordination required are common. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of utilization of an emergency department-ICU and a multidisciplinary care pathway on outcomes of critically ill leukostasis patients presenting to the emergency department. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Single large academic medical center in the United States. Patients Adult emergency department patients with signs and symptoms of leukostasis requiring emergent leukapheresis from 2012-2019. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ca3.html Selleck CIL56] Interventions Implementation of a hybrid emergency department-ICU e center, postmultidisciplinary care pathway (64.3% vs 21.9% vs 25.0%; p = 0.01). A trend toward decreased inpatient ICU utilization was observed, although was not statistically significant (35.7% vs 12.5% vs 25.0%; p = 0.14.). Conclusions and Relevance Implementation of a multidisciplinary care pathway via use of an emergency department-ICU for critically ill patients with leukostasis was associated with statistically significant reductions in time to leukapheresis and in-hospital mortality. These findings suggest an emergency department-ICU model may allow for maximal resource and care coordination at the point of contact with critically ill patients and improved clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.To investigate the relationship between survival and treatment-related reduction in endotoxin activity for patients in the Evaluating Use of PolymyxinB Hemoperfusion in a Randomized controlled trial of Adults Treated for Endotoxemia and Septic shock trial with baseline endotoxin activity assay greater than or equal to 0.60 to less than 0.90 units. Design Post hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Fifty-five tertiary hospitals in North America. Patients Patients with septic shock and endotoxin activity assay level greater than or equal to 0.60 to less than 0.90 and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome greater than 9. Interventions Two polymyxin B hemoperfusion treatments or Sham. Measurements and Main Results One-hundred ninety-four patients were included (88 polymyxin B and 106 Sham). We evaluated the impact of changes in endotoxin activity assay based on comparison to the median reduction from baseline to day 3 and a second method where a target post-treatment endotoxin ay and organ function outcomes. This article is the first to report endotoxin activity assay measurements in response to polymyxin B use versus Sham in patients with septic shock and elevated endotoxin activity assay. These findings are considered to be hypothesis generating and will need to be prospectively validated. Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.