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associated with the risk of readmission or death. The association was stronger in the subgroups of patients with greater mobility limitations and those discharged to the community.<br /><br />In this study, the number of therapy visits received was inversely associated with the risk of readmission or death. The association was stronger in the subgroups of patients with greater mobility limitations and those discharged to the community.Biological and cellular systems are often modeled as graphs in which vertices represent objects of interest (genes, proteins, drugs) and edges represent relational ties between these objects (binds-to, interacts-with, regulates). This approach has been highly successful owing to the theory, methodology and software that support analysis and learning on graphs. Graphs, however, suffer from information loss when modeling physical systems due to their inability to accurately represent multi-object relationships. Hypergraphs, a generalization of graphs, provide a framework to mitigate information loss and unify disparate graph-based methodologies. We present a hypergraph-based approach for modeling biological systems and formulate vertex classification, edge classification and link prediction problems on (hyper)graphs as instances of vertex classification on (extended, dual) hypergraphs. We then introduce a novel kernel method on vertex- and edge-labeled (colored) hypergraphs for analysis and learning. The method is based on exact and inexact (via hypergraph edit distances) enumeration of hypergraphlets; i.e., small hypergraphs rooted at a vertex of interest. We empirically evaluate this method on fifteen biological networks and show its potential use in a positive-unlabeled setting to estimate the interactome sizes in various species.<br /><br /> https//github.com/jlugomar/hypergraphlet-kernels/.<br /><br /> Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<br /><br />Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.How do we redesign agricultural landscapes to maintain their productivity and profitability, while promoting rather than eradicating biodiversity, and regenerating rather than undermining the ecological processes that sustain food production and are vital for a liveable planet? Ecological intensification harnesses ecological processes to increase food production per area through management processes that often diversify croplands to support beneficial organisms supplying these services. By adding more diverse vegetation back into landscapes, the agricultural matrix can also become both more habitable and more permeable to biodiversity, aiding in conserving biodiversity over time. By reducing the need for costly inputs while maintaining productivity, ecological intensification methods can maintain or even enhance profitability. As shown with several examples, ecological intensification and diversification can assist in creating multifunctional landscapes that are more environmentally and economically sustainable. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html STAT inhibitor] While single methods of ecological intensification can be incorporated into large-scale industrial farms and reduce negative impacts, complete redesign of such systems using multiple methods of ecological intensification and diversification can create truly regenerative systems with strong potential to promote food production and biodiversity. However, the broad adoption of these methods will require transformative socio-economic changes because many structural barriers continue to maintain the current agrichemical model of agriculture.<br /><br /> Whether lactoferrin (Lf) binds iron to facilitate its absorption or to sequester iron from potential enteropathogens remains uncertain. Bovine Lf is added to many infant formulas, but previous studies in infants reported that Lf had no effect on or inhibited iron absorption. The effects of the apo (iron-free) or the holo (iron-loaded) forms of Lf on iron absorption are unclear.<br /><br /> Our objective was to compare iron absorption from a maize-based porridge containing 1) labeled ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) alone; 2) labeled FeSO4 given with bovine apo-Lf; and 3) intrinsically labeled bovine holo-Lf.<br /><br /> In a crossover study, we measured iron absorption in Kenyan infants (n=25; mean±SD age 4.2±0.9 months; mean±SD hemoglobin 109±11g/L) from maize-based test meals containing 1) 1.5mg of iron as 54Fe-labeled FeSO4; 2) 1.42mg of iron as 58Fe-labeled FeSO4, given with 1.41g apo-Lf (containing 0.08mg iron); and 3) 1.41g holo-Lf carrying 1.5mg iron as 57Fe. The iron saturation levels of apo- and holo-Lf were 0.56% and 47.26%, ltrials.gov as NCT03617575.<br /><br />The amount of iron absorbed from holo-Lf was comparable to that of FeSO4, and the addition of apo-Lf to a test meal containing FeSO4 significantly increased (+56%) iron absorption. These findings suggest that Lf facilitates iron absorption in young infants. Because Lf binds iron with high affinity, it could be a safe way to provide iron to infants in low-income countries, where iron fortificants can adversely affect the gut microbiome and cause diarrhea. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03617575.<br /><br /> Supplementing animal diets with fish oil increases myocardial omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [ω-3 (n-3) PUFA], lowers heart rate, and prevents malignant cardiac arrhythmias. In contrast to epidemiological reports, results of some human clinical trials and of unphysiologically high doses employed in animal studies call into question the application of dietary ω-3 PUFA for cardioprotection.<br /><br /> This study tested the hypothesis that low ω-3 PUFA dietary thresholds for myocardial incorporation in rats, equivalent in dose to what humans derive from eating fish, can reduce heart rate and arrhythmia vulnerability.<br /><br /> Male Sprague-Dawley rats (12-15 wk old) were fed isoenergetic diets containing 10% fat for 4-5 wk. The control diet (CON) contained 5.5% beef tallow, 2.5% sunflower seed oil, and 2% olive oil. Fish oil diets contained high-DHA tuna oil, exchanged for olive oil 0.31% [fish oil group 1 (FO1)] (human equivalent EPA+DHA 570 mg/d); 1.25% [fish oil group 2 (FO2)] (equivalent EPA+DHA 2.3 g/d). Anaesthetizeassociated with increased myocardial DHA. The efficacy of low-dose fish oil demonstrates biological plausibility for nutritional ω-3 fatty acid-mediated cardioprotection and suggests that effectiveness in human clinical trials may be obscured by failure to exclude fish eaters.<br /><br />Ventricular arrhythmias were prevented and heart rate was slowed by lower ω-3 PUFA intake in rats than previously reported, equivalent to human fish consumption and associated with increased myocardial DHA. The efficacy of low-dose fish oil demonstrates biological plausibility for nutritional ω-3 fatty acid-mediated cardioprotection and suggests that effectiveness in human clinical trials may be obscured by failure to exclude fish eaters.