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Overall, 38% (32 of 84) of the dogs tested seropositive for anti-HEV, indicating exposure to HEV. Among the 22 dogs for which information was available, HEV-specific antibodies were detected in three of five dogs that were born abroad, in one of two dogs that were fed a raw meat-based diet, and in one hunting dog. No viral RNA could be detected in any of the serum and plasma samples; thus, the genotype of the strains remained undetermined. This study provides further evidence for canine exposure and susceptibility to HEV and highlights the need to further assess the risks of HEV transmission to humans with contact to dogs.Surgery for adult obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) plays a key role in contemporary management paradigms, most frequently as either a second-line treatment or in a facilitatory capacity. This committee, comprising two sleep surgeons and three sleep physicians, was established to give clarity to that role and expand upon its appropriate use in Australasia. This position statement has been reviewed and approved by the Australasian Sleep Association (ASA) Clinical Committee.<br /><br /> To genetically engineer the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for de novo production of tetraacetylphytosphingosine (TAPS), a precursor of phytosphingosine, and optimization of fermentation conditions for high yield.<br /><br /> [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PHA-739358(Danusertib).html Danusertib] constructed a TAPS-producing Y. lipolytica CE3 strain by co-expression of Wickerhamomyces ciferrii-derived acetyl transferases, Sli1p and Atf2p. Next, we optimized several environmental factors including temperature, initial pH and C/N ratio for TAPS production in a shake culture. Deletion of LCB4 in CE3 strain increased the volumetric TAPS titre and cell-specific yield to 142·1±10·7mg<br /><br /> l<br /><br /> and 3·08±0·11mg<br /><br /> g<br /><br /> <br /><br /> , respectively, in a shake flask culture incubated for 120h at 28°C with glycerol as the carbon source. Finally, we developed a 5-l fed-batch process with NaOH-mediated pH control and olive oil as a carbon source, exhibiting 650±24mg<br /><br /> l<br /><br /> of TAPS production within 56h of the fermentation.<br /><br /> The introduction of codon-optimized Sli1p and Atf2p, deletion of LCB4 gene and sexual hybridization, accompanied by specific fermentation conditions, enhanced TAPS yield in Y. lipolytica.<br /><br /> Our results highlight Y. lipolytica as a promising candidate for the industrial production of TAPS, an important component of cosmetic formulations.<br /><br />Our results highlight Y. lipolytica as a promising candidate for the industrial production of TAPS, an important component of cosmetic formulations.In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, myocardial injury is a relatively frequent finding. Progression to cardiogenic shock has been rarely described, especially in healthy young patients. The underlying mechanisms are to date controversial. A previously healthy 18-year-old female teenager affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed fulminant cardiogenic shock requiring a prompt extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Cardiac involvement was predominant compared with the pulmonary one. Myocardial biopsies were performed; and in order to clarify the pathophysiology of the acute heart failure, optical and transmission electron microscopy study was realized. Two additional immunohistology techniques were developed in order to (i) detect a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant fusion nucleoprotein by using a specific antibody and (ii) study fractalkine expression induced by activated endothelium because this molecule is well known to be elevated in patients with severe cytokine release syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 genome was not detected in the myocardium. Even if the clinical presentation, laboratory markers, and cardiac imaging techniques strongly suggested fulminant myocarditis, histology and immunohistology were not fully consistent with this diagnosis according to the Dallas criteria. Although rare suspected coronavirus particles were found by transmission electron microscopy in the cardiac endothelium, neither significant immunoreactivity for the viral nucleocapsid protein nor image suggestive of endotheliitis was detected. Intense endothelial immunoreactivity pattern for fractalkine expression was observed. From a clinical point of view, the left ventricular systolic function gradually improved, and the patient survived after a long stay in the intensive care unit. Our observations suggest that a massive cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection was the main cause of the cardiogenic shock, making a direct viral injury pathway very unlikely.<br /><br /> Many trace elements are essential for infant growth and development during early life. Their concentrations in breast milk vary depending on social and economic factors. Nonetheless, the present values available in Japan were derived from lactating mothers approximately 15 years ago.<br /><br /> Healthy mothers who gave birth to a single infant after 37 weeks of gestation at Teikyo University Hospital were recruited between July 2016 and December 2017. They were encouraged to collect breast milk samples and self-administer the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 1 and 3 months postpartum. #link# Anthropometric data for the mothers and their infants were also collected. Overall, 79 subjects were analyzed after excluding subjects with inadequate data in the FFQ, insufficient breast milk samples, and medication that may affect dietary intakes. Trace element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and their correlation with several factors were investigated.<br /><br /> Trace element concentrations were widely distributed as previously reported. Median concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo were 0.8, 0.8, 98, 50, 272, 2.2, and 0.7 µg/dL at 1 month postpartum and 0.6, 0.7, 55, 33, 177, 2.1, and 0.7 µg/dL at 3 months postpartum, respectively. There were no correlations between trace element concentrations and either mothers' intakes or infants' growth. In contrast, there were significant correlations between several trace elements and macronutrients in addition to inter-element correlations among almost all trace elements.<br /><br /> Trace element concentrations in mature breast milk were determined from recent lactating mothers in Japan.<br /><br />Trace element concentrations in mature breast milk were determined from recent lactating mothers in Japan.