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Compliance to medications were good, and most subjects (79.0%) had normal nutritional status and CD4 count. All subjects had eGFR &gt; 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, of which 21 (50.0%) were above normal value. Proteinuria was found in 12 patients (28.6%), and it was not significantly associated with clinical stages of HIV infection. CD4 count was correlated positively with eGFR (r = 0.473, P = 0.001) and negatively with uPCR (r = -0.284, P = 0.034). Conclusion The degree of immunodeficiency appears to correlate with severity of renal injury. Screening at diagnosis and periodic monitoring of kidney functions are crucial in all childhood HIV patients.Introduction Several measures to assess family planning service quality (FPQ) exist, yet there is limited evidence on their association with contraceptive discontinuation. Using data from the Measurement, Learning &amp; Evaluation (MLE) Project, this study investigates the association between FPQ and discontinuation-while-in-need without switching in five cities in Kenya. Two measures of FPQ are examined - the Method Information Index (MII) and a comprehensive service delivery point (SDP) assessment rooted in the Bruce Framework for FPQ. Methods Three models were constructed two to assess MII reported in household interviews (as an ordinal and binary variable) among 1,033 FP users, and one for facility-level quality domains among 938 FP users who could be linked to a facility type included in the SDP assessment. Cox proportional hazards ratios were estimated where the event of interest was discontinuation-while-in-need without switching. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/beta-estradiol-17-acetate.html selleck products] Facility-level FPQ domains were identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using SDP assessment data from 124 facilities. Results A woman's likelihood of discontinuation-while-in-need was approximately halved whether she was informed of one aspect of MII (HR 0.45, p less then 0.05), or all three (HR 0.51, p less then 0.01) versus receiving no information, when MII was assessed as an ordinal variable. Six facility-level quality domains were identified in EFA. Higher scores in information exchange, privacy, autonomy &amp; dignity and technical competence were associated with a reduced risk of discontinuation-while-in-need (p less then 0.05). Conclusions The MII has potential as an actionable metric for FPQ monitoring at the health facility level. link2 Furthermore, family planning facilities and programs should emphasize information provision and client-centered approaches to care alongside technical competence in the provision of FP care. Copyright © 2020 Feeser K et al.When providing psychiatric care to patients, cultural considerations are necessary to ensure that patients' individual healthcare needs are known and addressed. Failure to incorporate cultural considerations such as food preferences, gender congruency with nursing care, awareness of faith and religious practices, and the use of alternative medicinal and herbal approaches to healthcare treatment, can result in poor treatment engagement and outcomes for patients. The provision of culturally competent health care for psychiatric patients must be patient-centered; with nurses and all healthcare team members collaborating with patients and their families (significant others) in the delivery of safe, high quality, and effective care. Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.African-American men are significantly underrepresented in nursing. An increase in African-American nurses would more accurately represent the patient demographic and has the potential of mitigating health disparities in this population. This study used a qualitative approach with interviews from 7 participants recruited from barbershops in Northern California. As a result, 3 major themes emerged from the data (a) minimal understanding of how to become a nurse, (b) the stigma of a feminized profession, and (c) a need for African-American men in nursing. Furthermore, this study found that barbershops are a viable setting for obtaining the perspectives of African-American men. This data provides important information about where schools of nursing can focus resources when trying to recruit African-American men. Providing detailed information about what nurses do and by depicting how nursing has changed over the decades to include men might be a mechanism for African-American men to consider nursing as a career option. Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.African-American women have embraced the role of a 'Superwoman' and felt a sense of pride in being able to manage multiple roles. The responsibilities associated with multiple roles can be overwhelming, especially when experiencing injustices (e.g., microaggression and role strain) while performing roles both at work and at home. African-American women remain the most disrespected and vulnerable population currently in healthcare as well as having the highest cardiovascular adverse event rate in the 20 to 49 years of age range. Chronic exposure to inequities as a Superwoman can activate inflammatory markers resulting in a weakened immune system, increased cardiovascular risk factors, and a shortened life expectancy. This article explores the Superwomen experience and its impact on health outcomes, with a focus on minimizing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.Using a bibliometric method, this study assessed global educational research output on interprofessional education (IPE) and contributions from pharmacy relative to other healthcare academic programs, such as nursing, over the last 20 years. The Web of Science database was searched for articles published between 1998 and 2018. In addition, PubMed and the journals the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, and INNOVATIONS in pharmacy were searched. Data were retrieved on January 31, 2019 and systematic content analysis method was used. Number of publications, citations, H-index, and scope of IPE research including IPE settings, IPE curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment methods was recorded. A total of 1693 references were retrieved that met the inclusion criteria. From the review of the literature, it was plausible to assume that the number of publications increased exponentially from 2010 to 2017. The results indicated that the top 5 healthcare disciplines contributing to the IPE literature included medicine (41.2%), nursing (36.2%), pharmacy (9.0%), dentistry (8.2%), occupational therapy (5.6%), and physical therapy (4.6%). A total of 295 journals published IPE-related articles. The Journal of Interprofessional Care published a total of 566 articles, accounting for 33% of all published articles. In addition, a total of 66 countries contributed to IPE publications. The top 4 countries publishing in the area of IPE were the United States (27%), Canada (17.5%), the United Kingdom (16.1%), and Australia (10.2%). The content analysis of the articles identified diverse IPE settings, pedagogical methods, and assessments as major areas of IPE research. Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.Of the 1.25 million Americans living with type 1 diabetes mellitus, approximately 200,000 are school-aged children. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management in schools is resource intensive. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine school nurses' perception of their ability to provide care and education to children with T1DM using a mixed method approach. The qualitative questions explored the barriers that school nurses encountered in providing quality care for children with T1DM. link3 The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22.0 for Windows). The qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic approach. Eighty-four school nurses employed by a large school system in the southeast participated in the study. The significant findings showed that for school nurses to feel confident to care for children with T1DM, they must have readily available diabetic care management resources, parental support, effective communication with the physicians and other healthcare providers, and students' compliance to diet and medication regimens. Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to report an interwoven narrative of African-American women who are thriving after cancer. The sample included 12 African-American women (N = 12) who have been disease-free survivors of breast cancer for 10 or more years after initial diagnosis and who self-identify as thriving. Narrative inquiry was used to develop the stories into an interwoven narrative. The narrative includes 6 phases a) Orientation and then I had cancer; b) A complication stopping the silence; c) A further complication treatment; d) Evaluation peace in the valley of the shadow of death; e) Resolution the new normal; and f) Coda I'm still here. Findings from this study have implications for research and practice with long-term survivors of breast cancer such as those related to culturally relevant interventions for African-American women with breast cancer. Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.Truvada, also referred to as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), is the first medication approved for the purpose of preventing HIV infection. This study examined the odds of PrEP use solely among African-American women by comparing, by demographic profile, the relationship between risk taking behaviors of the Health Belief Model and the likelihood of PrEP use. A secondary data analysis from the 2013 National Survey on the potential adoption of PrEP was analyzed in this study. The sample for this study was 791 African-American women aged 20-44. The Health Belief Model constructs served as predictor risk factors for PrEP use. Results indicated that younger women of lower socioeconomic status (SES), higher levels of barriers, and higher levels of perceived susceptibility were more willing to take PrEP. This has significant implications for public health practice, policy, and opportunities for further research to establish interventions that incorporate increasing self-efficacy in PrEP use. Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the first biomedical regimen approved to significantly reduce HIV transmission risk. Men who have sex with men (MSM) living in the South represent one of the most HIV-vulnerable populations; however, PrEP initiation is slow in this demographic. The factors leading to clients' decisions to initiate PrEP are relatively unknown. This study interviewed 14 MSM PrEP clients from 3 Southern states. The analysis revealed that 5 factors were integral to the sample's initiation of PrEP HIV risk acknowledgment, HIV concern, PrEP understanding, PrEP accessibility, and PrEP consideration. From the analysis, a model emerged conceptualizing the decision-making process of PrEP initiation in this sample. This model is foundational to understanding the factors and their relationships affecting initiation of PrEP and can be used to develop effective interventions to facilitate PrEP initiation in MSM in the United States. Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.