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The present investigation is based on the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from aqueous extract of <br /><br /> L. fruit. Their effects on liver function and hematological parameters in mice were evaluated.<br /><br /> The green synthesis of CuNPs by means of <br /><br /> extract was achieved. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to identify the synthesized nanoparticles. BALB/c mice were orally administrated CuNPs at doses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 μg/kg for 2 weeks. #link# Later, the effects of CuNPs on liver function in the treated mice were evaluated by measuring the serum levels of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin as well as hematological parameters including hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet counts.<br /><br /> A maximum peak at wavelength 414 nm confirmed the biosynthesis of CuNPs. FTIR spectrum analysis revealed that the factor groups shaped a coating extract on the surface of the nanoparticles. SEM images demonstrated a particle size between 17 and 41 nm. Although some liver enzymes and hematological parameters increased with increasing dose of extract, there was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) between oral administrations of CuNPs at doses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 μg/kg and the control group.<br /><br /> The findings revealed that CuNPs biosynthesized from aqueous extract of <br /><br /> fruit have no toxic effects on the liver functions and hematological parameters of mice. However, more studies are needed for evaluation of the hepatoprotective effects of CuNPs.<br /><br />The findings revealed that CuNPs biosynthesized from aqueous extract of C. spinosa fruit have no toxic effects on the liver functions and hematological parameters of mice. However, more studies are needed for evaluation of the hepatoprotective effects of CuNPs.<br /><br /> Therapy of pain syndromes involves exposure to its source, receptors, and peripheral fibers. Treatment of acute pain and inflammation involves the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and nonnarcotic analgesics. An alternative to obsolete analgesics is combined compositions. Experimental results clearly indicates that caffeine effectively enhances the peripheral analgesic activity when combined in an analgesic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the peripheral analgesic activity of meloxicam, piroxicam, and their pharmacological combinations with caffeine.<br /><br /> The peripheral analgesic activity of piroxicam, meloxicam, and their combinations with caffeine was studied using the abdominal writhing test. This method was used to induce pain of peripheral origin by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% acetic acid solution. The investigated drugs, their combinations, and 3% starch mucilage were administrated 1 h before the introduction of the algogen. The cumulative number of writhing responses induced by acetic acid was determined over the subsequent 20 min.<br /><br /> All investigated drugs supplied a decrease in writhing in rats. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cp-91149.html CP-91149] and caffeine showed peripheral analgesic activity of 63.6% and 64.5%, respectively (p&lt;0.05). The pharmaceutical combination of meloxicam and caffeine showed analgesic potential of 76.4%. Thus, caffeine potentiates the analgesic activity of meloxicam. The results exceeded the corresponding value of diclofenac sodium (67.3%).<br /><br /> Experimental results clearly indicates that caffeine effectively enhances the peripheral analgesic action of meloxicam when combined in a pharmaceutical composition. These results can serve as a basis for the development of new domestic combined drugs.<br /><br />Experimental results clearly indicates that caffeine effectively enhances the peripheral analgesic action of meloxicam when combined in a pharmaceutical composition. These results can serve as a basis for the development of new domestic combined drugs.<br /><br /> The aim of the study was to investigate the electrochemical behavior of rifampicin (RIF) in the anodic direction using multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified glassy carbon electrodes.<br /><br /> The anodic investigation of RIF was carried out with cyclic, differential pulse, and square wave voltammetry. A three-electrode system consisting of a glassy carbon electrode with a modification by MWCNTs as the working electrode, a platinum wire as the counter electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode as reference was used for the experiments.<br /><br /> The anodic process of RIF was irreversible and diffusion controlled. Linear responses were obtained between 0.04 and 10 μM for both techniques in acetate buffer (pH 3.5) as supporting electrolyte. The limit of detection values were 7.51 and 11.3 nM for differential pulse and square wave voltammetry, respectively. The repeatability, reproducibility, precision, and accuracy of the proposed methods were also investigated. Determination of RIF was carried out on its pharmaceutical dosage forms and the results were compared with those from other electrochemical sensors and the liquid chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods in the literature.<br /><br /> These validated techniques provided selective, rapid, sensitive, precise, and cheap determination of RIF as alternative techniques to the liquid chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods in therapeutic drug monitoring.<br /><br />These validated techniques provided selective, rapid, sensitive, precise, and cheap determination of RIF as alternative techniques to the liquid chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods in therapeutic drug monitoring.<br /><br /> In the present investigation, bioadhesive buccal tablets were prepared using the sustained-release polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M, bioadhesive polymer neem gum, and an impervious backing layer of ethyl cellulose. Nicorandil is sensitive to the first-pass effect; therefore, a buccal-adhesive dosage form can avoid this effect.<br /><br /> We used the direct compression technique to prepare the tablet formulation. A 3<br /><br /> full factorial design was composed in which the amounts of HPMC K100M (X1) and neem gum (X2) were chosen as the independent variables and the dependent variables were the percentage drug release at 6 h (Y1) and mucoadhesive strength in grams (Y2). link2 Various <br /><br /> parameters, i.e. thickness, friability, hardness, weight variation, surface pH, moisture absorption ratio, dissolution studies, and drug release kinetics, and <br /><br /> parameters like mucoadhesive strength and mucoadhesion time were determined for the prepared tablets. We subjected the optimized batch to a comparison with the marketed formulation and stability studies were performed.<br /><br /> The formulation containing a 5050 ratio of neem gum and HPMC K100M (F5) was considered optimum. The zero-order release kinetics model best fitted the optimized batch release profile, suggesting the system would release the drug at a constant rate.<br /><br /> The release by the optimized formulation of the drug at a sustained rate along with its bioadhesive nature showed that the buccal route can be an option for the administration of nicorandil.<br /><br />The release by the optimized formulation of the drug at a sustained rate along with its bioadhesive nature showed that the buccal route can be an option for the administration of nicorandil.<br /><br /> Methylene blue (MB) is a commonly used dye that can be used for near-infrared (NIR) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) by producing reactive oxygen species after light exposure, inducing apoptosis. The limiting factor of MB is its poor penetration through cell membranes. Its decreased cellular uptake can be prevented by encapsulation in drug delivery systems such as liposomes. Additionally, the enhanced permeability and retention effect of tumors enables enhanced accumulation of nanocarriers at the target site.<br /><br /> Nanosized, MB encapsulated, Tc-99m radiolabeled Lipoid S PCPEG2000-PEChol DTPA-PE and DPPCPEG2000-PECholDTPA-PE liposomes were formulated to design multifunctional theranostic nanocarriers for 1) NIR imaging, 2) gamma probe detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), and 3) PDT, which can provide accurate imaging and therapy helping surgery with a single liposomal system. The characterization of liposomes was performed by measuring particle size, zeta potential, phospholipid content, and encapsulh topic are continuing.<br /><br />MB encapsulated, Tc-99m radiolabeled, nanosized Lipoid S PCPEG2000-PECholDTPA-PE and DPPCPEG2000-PECholDTPA-PE liposomes were found to have potential for SLN imaging by gamma probe detection, NIR imaging, and PDT. In vitro and in vivo imaging and therapeutic efficiency should be definitely evaluated to enable a final decision and our studies on this research topic are continuing.<br /><br /> The aim of this study of this study was to discover the best poloxamer as a solid dispersion carrier for thiocolchicoside (TCS).<br /><br /> The compatibility of TCS with excipients was studied by differential scanning colorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Different formulations of solid dispersions (SDs) were made with poloxamer carriers, i.e. poloxamer-108, poloxamer-188, poloxamer-237, poloxamer-338, and poloxamer-407 were made by taking TCSpoloxamer in ratios of 11, 12, 14, and 16. link3 The SDs were made by a novel microwave fusion method and compressed using an 8-station tablet compression machine. The fabricated SD tablets were characterized by physicochemical constraints and drug release rates. The release of TCS from the prepared SDs was later analyzed by kinetic models.<br /><br /> TCS was observed to be compatible with the poloxamer carriers. The SD formulations showed satisfactory physicochemical constraints and TCS release following first-order release.<br /><br /> Among the poloxamer carriers used, poloxamer-188 was the best for increasing the solubility and release rate of TCS from the SDs.<br /><br />Among the poloxamer carriers used, poloxamer-188 was the best for increasing the solubility and release rate of TCS from the SDs.<br /><br /> A compaction simulator (CS) is a single-punch instrument that records data during the powder compaction process. The aim of the study was to determine the behavior of lactose-based direct tableting agents (DTAs) by CS. The data recorded were used to evaluate the flowability and compressibility of powders. The focus of the study was on comparing the compressibility of StarLac<br /><br /> [alpha lactose monohydrate (85%) and white maize starch (15%)] and FlowLac<br /><br /> 100 (spray-dried alpha lactose monohydrate) in order to make tablets containing poorly flowable paracetamol.<br /><br /> Two lactose-based DTAs were used. Physical characterization of these powders was done by measuring bulk, tapped, and true densities alongside scanning electron microscopy analysis. Flow properties were then calculated by the angle of repose, Hausner ratio, and Carr's compressibility index. Force, in-die thickness, and punch displacement data produced by the CS were captured during in-die compression. Compressibility was calculated using the Heckel equPy values obtained from the Heckel equation described the plasticity of particles, which gives distinct information on the compressibility of both DTAs in real time during the compaction cycle.<br /><br /> The aim of this study was to develop fluticasone propionate (FP)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations by using factorial design approach.<br /><br /> Tristearin percentages (X1) (1%, 2%, and 4%) and homogenization cycles (X2) (2, 4, and 8 cycles) were selected as independent variables in the factorial design. SLN formulations were optimized by multiple linear regression (MLR) to evaluate the influence of the selected process and formulation independent variables on SLNs' characteristics, namely as encapsulation efficiency (Q1) and particle size (Q2). The polydispersity index and surface charge of the SLNs were also evaluated in this research. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and <br /><br /> drug release studies were carried out on the optimum SLN formulation.<br /><br /> The MLR analysis indicated that as the homogenization cycle (X2) increased in the production process, the mean particle size decreased.<br /><br /> This research showed that FP-encapsulated SLNs with desired characteristics can be produced by varying the production and content variables of the formulations.