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Inadequate sanitation facilities was a major challenge to menstrual hygiene management at schools. The use of sanitary pads was significantly associated with school attendance (p-value &lt; 0.0001).<br /><br /> the level of menstrual hygiene among in-school adolescent girls in northern Ghana is described as average. Although most of the schools had toilet facilities, they lacked clean water, soap, privacy and dustbins which are necessary for menstrual hygiene management. Interventions should target improving water, sanitation and hygiene facilities in schools as well as supply of pads to girls in rural school.<br /><br />the level of menstrual hygiene among in-school adolescent girls in northern Ghana is described as average. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/salubrinal.html selleck chemicals] Although most of the schools had toilet facilities, they lacked clean water, soap, privacy and dustbins which are necessary for menstrual hygiene management. Interventions should target improving water, sanitation and hygiene facilities in schools as well as supply of pads to girls in rural school.Bird fancier's disease falls within the spectrum of hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to immuno-allergic reaction to avian antigens. This occurs only rarely in children. It is found in two-thirds of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Diagnosis is not so easy. It is based on a body of clinical evidence. We here report the peculiar case of a 7-year-old girl with a family history of atopic disease initially treated as asthma based on the presence of wheezing and dyspnea and cough without improvement. The patient had worsening of symptoms such as dyspnea at rest complicated by cyanosis in respiratory distress. All of this took place in a context of alteration of general state. Clinical examination showed growth retardation, perioral cyanosis with digital hippocratism. Lung auscultation revealed bilateral crackling sounds. Chest X-ray objectified bilateral interstitial syndrome. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed diffuse ground-glass opacities. Laboratory tests revealed hypereosinophilia with hyper-IgE and excluded tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, immune deficiency. In a second stage interview contact with birds was reported. Serological tests for bird fancier's disease were positive. The patient received inhaled corticosteroids associated with avoidance of exposure to birds. After a follow-up of 2 months, outcome was favorable. Given that the signs of bird fancier's disease are non-specific, this should be suspected in patients with respiratory symptoms associated with exposure to avian antigens.<br /><br /> adolescent undergraduate students engage in sexual acts that put them at risk of contracting Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies. Even though the social context of early adolescence accounts for developmental changes in later phase of life, its impact on adolescents' risky sexual behaviour has not been extensively explored. In this study, we examined how the social context of early adolescence influenced adolescent's risky sexual behaviour in the university.<br /><br /> qualitative data were collected from 24 adolescent undergraduate students of four universities in South-eastern Nigeria. Both males and females, within the age of 16-19 years were interviewed. The data were coded, managed with the use of Atlas.ti software and thematically analysed.<br /><br /> the findings indicated that risky sexual behaviours among adolescent undergraduate students are embedded in the quality of sex education by parents at early adolescence. As such, unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners were rampant among adolescents who were not exposed to quality sex education at early adolescence. Adolescents whose parents are religious and/or authoritative but did not teach sex education during early adolescence engaged in risky sexual behaviours in the university. Also, adolescent undergraduate students that were raised in rural areas indulged in unprotected sex because of limited access to sex education during early adolescence.<br /><br /> social context of early adolescence means a lot for adolescents' sexual experience in later phase of life. When parents provide their children the right information about sex, it can protect them from risky sexual behaviours as they grow older.<br /><br />social context of early adolescence means a lot for adolescents' sexual experience in later phase of life. When parents provide their children the right information about sex, it can protect them from risky sexual behaviours as they grow older.<br /><br /> major external structural birth defects are typical and have been associated with childhood morbidity, mortality and lifelong resource-intensive disabilities. These defects continue to occur; however, they are yet to be recognized as public health problems in Kenya. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major external structural birth defects in Kiambu County in Kenya, 2014-2018.<br /><br /> a cross-sectional study design was adopted; a retrospective review of medical records was conducted between 2014 and 2018 abstracting 873 birth defects. Following a predetermined inclusion criterion, a five-year prevalence numerator of 362 cases was determined, whereas, a five-year prevalence denominator of 299,854 cases of registered live-births was obtained from the birth registrar. Annual prevalence estimates of 29 sub-groups and 6 groups of these defects were calculated as the number of cases (numerator) divided by the number of live-births (denominator). Associated 95% binomial exact confidence intervals were also computed and expressed per 100,000 live-births.<br /><br /> defects of the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, orofacial, genital organs, eye and anus were observed. Defects of the musculoskeletal system were the most prevalent, ranging from 22.98 (95% CI 11.87-40.13) to 116.9 (95% CI 92.98-145.08) per 100,000 live-births. Defects of the central nervous system followed ranging between 13.40 (95% CI 5.39-27.61) and 32.79 (95% CI 20.79-49.19) per 100,000 live-births.<br /><br /> despite musculoskeletal system defects being the most common group, hypospadias; a defect of the male genital organ was the most prevalent among the sub-group of these defects.<br /><br />despite musculoskeletal system defects being the most common group, hypospadias; a defect of the male genital organ was the most prevalent among the sub-group of these defects.