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016). At the six-month follow-up, a significantly greater decrease in local kyphotic angle measurements was seen in patients over 65 years of age than those under 65 (p = 0.023). Comparison of local kyphotic angles between sexes revealed a significant decrease in measurements at follow-up in female patients (p = 0.029). Both early postoperative and late postoperative local kyphotic angle measurements of patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 were significantly lower than those of patients with a BMI 25 (p = 0.012).<br /><br /> The restoration of vertebral angles and heights with the maximum level of BKP can effectively reduce BRC.<br /><br />The restoration of vertebral angles and heights with the maximum level of BKP can effectively reduce BRC.<br /><br /> The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the morphological features of A.carotis interna (ICA) and symptoms affecting cerebral blood circulation including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HT).<br /><br /> In this study, retrospective morphometric analysis of ICA measurements from 100 patients (45-60 years old) was performed on Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) images. The images were divided into four groups patients with HT (group 1), patients with T2DM (group 2), patients with HT and T2DM (group 3), and healthy control group (group 4). Length and diameter measurements of the cervical, petrous, cavernous and terminal segments of the ICA were made by using 3D CTA images and recorded. The measurements of the male and female patients were compared by Mann Whitney-U test and the the groups were compared by using Kruskall Wallis H test.<br /><br /> It was found that, there were statistically significant differences between male and female patients in terms of right and left petrous, cavernous and terminal segments of the ICA in Group 1, right and left cervical left cavernous in Group 3, left cervical, right and left petrous, cavernous and right cavernous in Group 4 (p 0.05). According to the Kruskall Wallis H test analysis results, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the patients in 4 groups for all segment measurements (p 0.05).<br /><br /> As a result; It was determined that ICA was more affected by hypertension than diabetes. In addition, we think that being knowledgeable of morphometric measurements of ICA will guide the radio-anatomical evaluations and increase the level of microanatomical knowledge in surgical treatment.<br /><br />As a result; It was determined that ICA was more affected by hypertension than diabetes. In addition, we think that being knowledgeable of morphometric measurements of ICA will guide the radio-anatomical evaluations and increase the level of microanatomical knowledge in surgical treatment.<br /><br /> To explore the ability of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging (DSC-PI) to detect isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation in gliomas.<br /><br /> Preoperative DSC-PI data on histopathologically proven gliomas obtained between January 2015 and December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed using a 1.5-T scanner. The maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBVmax), percentage signal recovery (PSR), and normalized PSR of tumor cores were calculated. Differences in these values between IDH-mutant and wild-type gliomas were compared, and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated.<br /><br /> The patients (32 females, 47 males) were aged 21-76 years (mean 50.7 ± 15 years). The rCBVmax and all PSR values differed significantly between patients with IDH-mutant and those with wild-type tumors (p &lt; 0.01 for all comparisons).<br /><br /> The rCBVmax and PSR values obtained by DSC-PI may facilitate noninvasive detection of the IDH mutation status of gliomas. PSR provided more reliable values for differentiation of IDH-mutant gliomas from wild-type gliomas.<br /><br />The rCBVmax and PSR values obtained by DSC-PI may facilitate noninvasive detection of the IDH mutation status of gliomas. PSR provided more reliable values for differentiation of IDH-mutant gliomas from wild-type gliomas.<br /><br /> The spinal canal frequently harbors primary and secondary bone tumors. These tumors have specific localization, age range, and clinical and radiological manifestations, and their treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. In most cases, a definitive diagnosis is made based on clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings.<br /><br /> In this study, we have discussed primary vertebral tumors in light of the 2020 Updated World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors.<br /><br /> Chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma has been classified in the benign category, while synovial chondromatosis has been moved from the benign category to the intermediate category. In the updated classification, grade I chondrosarcoma has been classified in the malignant category with grade II-III chondrosarcomas. Minor amendments have been made for osteosarcoma subtypes. Neoplasms of undetermined origin, such as aneurysmal cysts, simple bone cysts, fibrosis dysplasia, and osteofibrous dysplasia, have been classified as neoplastic lesions. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sc75741.html SC75741 inhibitor] Chordomas have been classified into "not otherwise stated," poorly differentiated chordomas, and dedifferentiated chordomas. Ewing's sarcomas have been classified in a separate section for undifferentiated, small, round cell sarcomas of the bone and soft tissue. In this section, three distinct subsets different from Ewing's sarcoma have been discussed. CIC-rearranged sarcoma, BCOR-rearranged sarcoma, and round cell sarcomas with EWSR1 gene fusion with non-ETS family members.<br /><br /> In this study, we have reviewed the new classifications and discussed their effect on decision making in spinal oncologic surgery.<br /><br />In this study, we have reviewed the new classifications and discussed their effect on decision making in spinal oncologic surgery.<br /><br /> To evaluate the patients who had epilepsy surgery and pathologically proven focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in order to further classify and discuss electroencephalography (EEG) findings in different pathological subtypes.<br /><br /> This study included 19 refractory epilepsy patients who underwent surgery between 1999 and 2017 in the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. Demographic data, preoperative examinations, scalp video EEGs, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated retrospectively.<br /><br /> In this study, 36.8% of the patients were female. The mean age was 21.89 ± 14.64 years. Rhythmic epileptiform discharges (RED) were observed in 31.6%. 37.5% of the patients with isolated intermittent spike/sharp waves were type I, 50% were type II, and 12.5% were type III. 100% of the patients with normal background activity were FCD type II. 67% of the patients with asymmetric slowing were FCD type I, 22% was FCD type II, 11% were FCD type III. 71% of the patients with symmetrical slowing were FCD type I, 29% were FCD type II. One patient had Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Activity, one patient had Electrical Status Epilepticus in Slow Sleep, two patients had "burst suppression," and one patient had a "switch of" sign. The frequency of focal epileptogenic activity was higher when there was an FCD lesion on magnetic resonance imaging.<br /><br /> The findings obtained in this study did not reveal any distinctive electrophysiological features in FCD and subgroups of FCD. The incidence of REDs did not differ between types. The frequency of isolated intermittent sharp/spike waves was higher in type II than I. Intermittent and continuous EEG slowing was more commonly seen among FCD Type I patients.<br /><br />The findings obtained in this study did not reveal any distinctive electrophysiological features in FCD and subgroups of FCD. The incidence of REDs did not differ between types. The frequency of isolated intermittent sharp/spike waves was higher in type II than I. Intermittent and continuous EEG slowing was more commonly seen among FCD Type I patients.<br /><br /> To identify a novel material with biomechanical properties identical to the nucleus pulposus in the lumbar vertebrae of goats for use in intervertebral disc herniation surgery.<br /><br /> In this laboratory-based experimental study, the silicone rubber material test group consisted of sample compositions 35PVA65SR, 30PVA70SR, and 40PVA60SR. Axial compression mechanical tests were conducted to assess the biomechanical properties of the resulting material in terms of stress, strain, load, and displacement.<br /><br /> The mechanical compression test results revealed that the stress (MPa) and strain (%) values of the 40PVA60SR material were closest to the control group (p=1.00) with a load of 684 N in each group. The value of material displacement (mm) for 40PVA60SR was also the closest to control (p=1.00) with a loading of 684 N.<br /><br /> The new material presents biomechanical properties closest to human nucleus pulposus and is promising in nucleus pulposus replacement therapy. Further clinical research is needed to evaluate other biomechanical properties and the bioavailability of the novel material.<br /><br />The new material presents biomechanical properties closest to human nucleus pulposus and is promising in nucleus pulposus replacement therapy. Further clinical research is needed to evaluate other biomechanical properties and the bioavailability of the novel material.<br /><br /> To reveal the relation between postdiscectomy syndrome and foraminal stenosis due to height loss of disc level in patients operated for one-sided L5-S1 disc herniation.<br /><br /> 100 operated patients due to L5-S1 one-sided disc herniation were included. Mean age was 46.60 years (±10.52 years). Foraminal height, width, and intervertebral disc height were measured via CT. The diameters were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. The relation between the measurements and clinic findings was investigated.<br /><br /> Six months after discectomy, for the operated side, the mean foraminal height decreased from 16.78 ± 1.75 mm to 14.43 ± 1.62 mm (p 0.05) and the mean foraminal width decreased from 6.30 ± 1.43 mm to 5.34 ± 1.56 mm (p 0.05). According to the correlation test, for the operated side, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the decrease in foramen height and leg pain visual analog scale (VAS) score. Moreover, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the decrease in the pecked.<br /><br /> This study aimed to determine a quantitative relationship between the postoperative clivus slope (CS) and the change in the Patient-Reported Japanese Orthopaedic Association (PRO-JOA) scores following reduction surgery of the basilar invagination (BI).<br /><br /> A single center retrospective study was conducted. Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at our hospital during the period from August 2015 to August 2020 were identified. The CS was introduced. Radiographic parameters including the CS were measured to assess realignment preoperatively and postoperatively. The PRO-JOA score was recorded to reveal the clinical outcome. The PRO-JOA score and the radiographic parameters that included the CS were compared between postoperative BI patients.<br /><br /> Ninety-four patients with BI were included in the study. The CS (0.96, 0.93-1.00) was inversely correlated with the PRO-JOA score. The CS was negatively associated with the ΔPRO-JOA score in the crude model, while no significant associations in the fully adjusted model, although in the case of the latter, a slight trend was found (p for trend 0.