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Although rare, surgeons should be aware that these lesions must be differentiated clinically, radiologically, and histologically from other supratentorial cystic lesions.<br /><br />Although rare, surgeons should be aware that these lesions must be differentiated clinically, radiologically, and histologically from other supratentorial cystic lesions.<br /><br /> Over the past decade, the use of intraoperative image guidance in neurosurgery has gradually gained in importance. Apart from some sophisticated and very expensive techniques, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is a simple and economical technique that allows the surgeon to localize deep-seated lesions under a real-time ultrasonic image display without dissection. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Atazanavir.html Selleck BMS-232632] The purpose of this study was to present our own preliminary experiences in various (n=1250) neurosurgical procedures carried out at our tertiary care centre in a developing country.<br /><br /> A Prospective study was carried out in our department of neurosurgery at Grant Medical College and Sir J J Group of hospitals from January 2010 to May 2019. IOUS was used during various elective neurosurgical procedures done during this period as given in table no below. A total of 1250 patients, 850 supratentorial lesion, 290 infratentorial lesion and 110 spinal lesion, were included in this study. All studies were performed using an ultrasound machine with variable nformation is very important and can enhance surgical results.<br /><br /> Pineal region tumors often present with hydrocephalus. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and simultaneous tumor biopsy remain a minimally invasive procedure offering both diagnostic and therapeutic advantages in the management of these tumors. However, different operative techniques have been described in the literature.<br /><br /> The aim is to study the ETV success rate, diagnostic rate of simultaneous tumor biopsy, complications, and follow-up of patients of pineal region tumors managed with ETV and simultaneous tumor biopsy using the single burr hole technique.<br /><br /> The study was performed by retrospectively reviewing the records of patients of pineal region tumors managed by simultaneous ETV and tumor biopsy using a "single burr hole" technique from January 2012 to December 2019.<br /><br /> Thirty-four patients (22 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 28.7 years were analyzed. ETV was successful in relieving hydrocephalus in 29 (87.8%) patients. link2 Three patients needed a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and one required Ommaya reservoir placement for persistent hydrocephalus. Histological diagnosis was successfully established in 26 (78.8%) patients. There were two procedure-related mortalities. Two patients underwent craniotomy and tumor excision subsequently. Radiotherapy was given to 11 patients, and 9 patients were managed by observation alone. The mean follow-up of our study was 15.8 months.<br /><br /> Simultaneous ETV and tumor biopsy using a single burr hole technique is a safe, minimally invasive procedure for the management of pineal region tumors.<br /><br />Simultaneous ETV and tumor biopsy using a single burr hole technique is a safe, minimally invasive procedure for the management of pineal region tumors.<br /><br /> The Immediate Stroke Life Support (ISLS) course run in Wakayama (Wakayama-ISLS course) is an off-the-job training course for understanding the initial treatment of acute stroke. A total of 22 Wakayama-ISLS courses have been held in Wakayama Prefecture since 2008. To begin with, the case presentation was performed using human-like, mechanical manikins for simulation training. However, as the course progressed, we found the students paying great attention to the display monitor, and less to the patients' neurological status.<br /><br /> From the fourth Wakayama-ISLS course onward, we conducted the group work with the facilitators pretending to be patients, i.e., without medical training manikins.<br /><br /> When the facilitators acted as patients, the students gained a more realistic and expressive perception of neurological symptoms. As a result, they expressed a high level of satisfaction with the course in the questionnaire sent immediately afterwards, regardless of their profession or prior experience. Moreover, as we did not need to transfer medical training simulators, we were able to carry out three ISLS courses at locations some distance from Wakayama city on a low-cost basis. This also enabled the regional medical staff in rural hospitals to participate in the courses easily.<br /><br /> The Wakayama-ISLS course without medical training manikins is an entirely feasible off-the-job training course, which provides training on fast and excellent treatment of acute stroke problems based on clinical practice. The course has the potential to spread not only across Japan but throughout the world, including to developing countries, given the cost perspective.<br /><br />The Wakayama-ISLS course without medical training manikins is an entirely feasible off-the-job training course, which provides training on fast and excellent treatment of acute stroke problems based on clinical practice. The course has the potential to spread not only across Japan but throughout the world, including to developing countries, given the cost perspective.<br /><br /> The main aim of this study is to determine the anterior commissure-posterior commissure (AC-PC) distance in Nepalese cohort and has comparison of intercommissural distance of Nepalese cohort with some other races.<br /><br /> The 47 patients, with mean age of 50 years, included in the study had undergone DBS or lesioning (Pallidotomy). Data were collected through the magnetic resonance imaging under DBS protocol and the manipulation, marking of AC and PC was done in Inomed Planning Software (IPS).<br /><br /> The data revealed average AC-PC distance of Nepalese cohort to be 24.86 ± 2.08 mm, ranging from 16 mm to 30 mm. The study among 29 males and 18 females illustrated male to have longer AC-PC as compared to female (25.38 mm male and 24.02 mm female). The results also confirmed age related changes in AC-PC distance which was linearly increasing with the age.<br /><br /> Comparison of data from other studies revealed Nepalese cohort to have almost similar AC-PC distance with Asian population, while that was longer in Caucasian and shorter in Hispanic Population.<br /><br />Comparison of data from other studies revealed Nepalese cohort to have almost similar AC-PC distance with Asian population, while that was longer in Caucasian and shorter in Hispanic Population.<br /><br /> Complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms are defined as large (≥10 mm) or giant (≥25 mm) aneurysms with M2 branches arising from the aneurysm rather than M1 segments and usually require some form of reconstruction of the bifurcation. Their management is difficult and surgery is preferred over endovascular modalities because of their peculiar angioarchitecture and association with critical branch points or perforators.<br /><br /> The study was aimed at analyzing surgically managed complex MCA aneurysms and discussing characteristics not favorable for endovascular management, surgical nuances and clipping strategies, patient outcomes, and newer diagnostic modalities which help improve management.<br /><br /> Nine cases of surgically operated complex MCA aneurysms were identified from January 2017 to July 2019. The aneurysm characteristics, surgical nuances, clipping strategies, patient outcomes and points not favoring endovascular management were tabulated and analyzed.<br /><br /> The mean maximum aneurysm diameter was 13.4 mm andbranch/perforator locations, broad necks, and fusiform characteristics. Surgical management in experienced hands can tackle all these problems with an armamentarium of clipping techniques and bypass procedures.<br /><br /> Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have a growing and largely unaddressed neurosurgical burden. Cambodia has been an understudied country regarding the neurosurgical pathologies and case volume. Rapid infrastructure development with noncompliance of safety regulations has led to increased numbers of traumatic injuries. This study examines the neurosurgical caseload and pathologies of a single government institution implementing the first residency program in an effort to understand the neurosurgical needs of this population.<br /><br /> This is a longitudinal descriptive study of all neurosurgical admissions at the Department of Neurosurgery at Preah Kossamak Hospital (PKH), a major government hospital, in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, between September 2013 and June 2018.<br /><br /> 5490 patients were admitted to PKH requiring neurosurgical evaluation and care. Most of these admissions were cranial injuries related to road traffic accidents primarily involving young men compared to women by approximately 41 ratio. Spinal pathosing the importance of better public health policies and urgency for building capacity for safe and affordable neurosurgical care.<br /><br /> In the search for an effective closure without nasosinusal morbidity, we have studied the efficacy of free mucosal graft as a reconstructive technique of the sellar floor after the resection of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA).<br /><br /> In 100 endonasal endoscopic surgeries, we analyzed the personal history, radiological and intraoperative aspects that could have an impact on the risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. They were divided into three groups no mucosa flap/graft, mucosal free graft, and nasoseptal pedicled flap.<br /><br /> The characteristics of the patients and adenomas were the same in all three groups. Intraoperative CSF leak was observed in 1/13 cases of the group without graft/flap (7%), in 16/50 of the free mucosal graft (32%) and 12/37 (32%) of pedicle flap. The proportion of cases in which other means of reconstruction were used in addition (fat, collagen matrix, and sealant) was similar in the different groups. No CSF leaks were observed, except for a doubtful one in the free muceater nasosinusal functionality because proper reepithelialization occurs in the area.<br /><br /> Hypertonic saline (HS) has an important role in the treatment of raised intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of HS and its impact on the postoperative course of patients undergoing craniotomy for low-grade gliomas.<br /><br /> Sixty patients with supratentorial low-grade glioma were enrolled. All patients were anesthetized and operated with the same team and protocol. They successively received either HS or mannitol just before surgery. link3 The amount of brain edema was classified according to the dural tension score (I-III) just after craniotomy and before dural opening. Other intraoperative measurements (such as urine output, need, and dosage of other diuretic agents) and postoperative findings (intensive care unit [ICU] and hospital stay, corticosteroid demand, and confusion period) were also assessed. Pre- and postoperative serum S100B levels were documented in both groups.<br /><br /> The dural tension score was not significantly different among the two groups severe tension in six and five patients in the mannitol and HS groups, respectively. HS group had a significantly lower amount of diuresis (609 vs. 725 ml) during surgery. Patients in the HS group had shorter ICU stay (16.3 vs. 27.9 h) and shorter duration of corticosteroid therapy after surgery (3.4 vs. 5.2 days).<br /><br /> HS infusion just before the onset of craniotomy is at least as effective as mannitol in controlling intraoperative brain edema in patients with supratentorial glioma. Improved early postoperative course and lower degrees of S100B rise after craniotomy seen in the HS group needs to be explained in more detailed studies.<br /><br />HS infusion just before the onset of craniotomy is at least as effective as mannitol in controlling intraoperative brain edema in patients with supratentorial glioma. Improved early postoperative course and lower degrees of S100B rise after craniotomy seen in the HS group needs to be explained in more detailed studies.