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Second-tier decomposition results reveal strong evidence for consumption substitution between energy-intensive industries and non-energy-intensive ones and that this can have an impact on reducing household indirect consumption. Household consumption therefore plays a prominent role in total energy consumption. Transforming to non-energy-intensive or services led consumption patterns should therefore be encouraged by the Chinese government in order to achieve conservation goals.The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro assay for use in place of in vivo assays of snake venom lethality and antivenom neutralizing potency. A novel in vitro assay has been developed based on the binding of post-synaptically acting α-neurotoxins to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and the ability of antivenoms to prevent this binding. The assay gave high correlation in previous studies with the in vivo murine lethality tests (Median Lethal Dose, LD50), and the neutralization of lethality assays (Median Effective Dose, ED50) by antisera against Naja kaouthia, Naja naja and Bungarus candidus venoms. Here we show that, for the neurotoxic venoms of 20 elapid snake species from eight genera and four continents, the in vitro median inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) for α-neurotoxin binding to purified nAChR correlated well with the in vivo LD50s of the venoms (R2 = 0.8526, p less then 0.001). Furthermore, using this assay, the in vitro ED50s of a horse pan-specific antiserum against these venoms correlated significantly with the corresponding in vivo murine ED50s, with R2 = 0.6896 (p less then 0.01). In the case of four elapid venoms devoid or having a very low concentration of α-neurotoxins, no inhibition of nAChR binding was observed. Within the philosophy of 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) in animal testing, the in vitro α-neurotoxin-nAChR binding assay can effectively substitute the mouse lethality test for toxicity and antivenom potency evaluation for neurotoxic venoms in which α-neurotoxins predominate. This will greatly reduce the number of mice used in toxicological research and antivenom production laboratories. The simpler, faster, cheaper and less variable in vitro assay should also expedite the development of pan-specific antivenoms against various medically important snakes in many parts of the world.The Global Navigation Satellite System is vulnerable to interference signals that can potentially disable the system, because the signal strength tends to be very weak. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/WP1130.html WP1130] Interference such as jamming, which disables the receiver via excessively high signal strength in the satellite navigation frequency band, and spoofing, which induces the receiver to output erroneous position and time data via signals similar to actual navigation signals, disrupt satellite navigation systems. As the threat of interference is increasing, considerable research effort has been expended in an attempt to deal with it in various ways. Spoofing attacks are especially difficult to detect. This paper deals with a technique to detect a spoofing signal and to mitigate attacks on satellite navigation systems. The satellite navigation signal is influenced by the navigation satellite itself and errors due to environmental factors, and spoofing signal detection should be well reflected in the navigation signal. Especially, in the case of mobile receivers, it is not easy to detect a spoofing signal because the exact position of the receiver cannot be known. To detect a spoofing signal, additional hardware may be required; in some cases, heterogeneous sensors, such as inertial sensors, may be used. The technique introduced in this paper effectively discriminates spoofing signals based only on receiver measurements, without the need for additional devices. It generates test statistics based on the pseudorange, which is the measured value of the receiver position, and detects spoofing signals by setting the monitoring interval according to a "sliding window". Because the proposed method uses output data and measurements obtained from the receiver, it can be applied to general receivers at low cost.<br /><br /> Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) are a major issue in intensive care. The intestinal and oropharyngeal microbiota being the reservoir of MDR-GNB. Our main objective was to assess the link between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the tracheal and intestinal colonization by MDR-GNB, and also by Enterococcus spp. and yeasts.<br /><br /> We performed a 2-month prospective, monocentric cohort study in the medical intensive care unit of our hospital. Patients ventilated &gt;3 days and spontaneously passing feces were included. A fecal sample and an endotracheal aspiration (EA) were collected twice a week. MDR-GNB but also Enterococcus faecium and yeasts (as potential dysbiosis surrogate markers) were detected by culture methods. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was assessed by 16S profiling.<br /><br /> We collected 62 couples of feces and EA from 31 patients, including 18 feces and 9 EA positive for MDR-GNB. Forty-eight fecal samples were considered for 16S profiling. We did not observe a link between the diversity and the richness of the intestinal microbiota and the MDR-GNB intestinal relative abundance (RA). Conversely, we observed a negative link between the intestinal diversity and richness and the RA of Enterococcus spp. (p&lt;0.001).<br /><br /> The fecal MDR-GNB RA was not associated to the diversity nor the richness of the intestinal microbiota, but that of Enterococcus spp. was.<br /><br />The fecal MDR-GNB RA was not associated to the diversity nor the richness of the intestinal microbiota, but that of Enterococcus spp. was.BACKGROUND Iridoschisis is a rare condition defined as a separation of anterior iris stroma from the posterior stroma and muscle layers. The etiopathogenesis of iridoschisis is not fully understood. We report the case of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome related to the iris-claw lens implantation in a patient with iridoschisis, and propose an alternative approach to aphakia correction. CASE REPORT A 47-year-old male was referred to our department with bilateral iridoschisis, associated lens subluxation, mature cataract, and secondary glaucoma. The patient underwent bilateral surgery, with entirely different anterior segment results depending on the method of artificial lens implantation. To the best of our knowledge, iris-claw implantation in iridoschisis and the potential association of iridoschisis with increased risk of UGH syndrome, have not been reported previously. CONCLUSIONS Due to the possibly increased risk of UGH syndrome in patients with iridoschisis, one may consider treating aphakia by implantation of scleral fixated lenses, rather than iris-claw lenses.BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the growth of many tumors. However, the expression and possible role of circ_cse1l (hsa_circ_0060745) in colorectal cancer (CRC) are unclear. The present study was designed to explore the role of circ_cse1l in CRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The levels of circ_cse1l expression in cancer tissues and serum samples of 50 patients with CRC and in control subjects were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CCK-8, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays were performed to assess the functions of circ_cse1l in CRC cell lines after overexpression. The relationship between circ_cse1l and eIF4A3 during cell proliferation was analyzed by western blotting and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP). RESULTS qRT-PCR assays showed that the levels of expression of circ_cse1l were lower in CRC cell lines and in tissue and serum samples from patients with CRC than in control samples. The expression of circ_cse11 in CRC tissues had clinical significance, as its level of expression was inversely associated with the depth of tumor invasion. Overexpression of circ_cse1l in HT29 and HCT116 cells markedly reduced cell proliferation and metastasis. Western blotting showed that circ_cse1l overexpression dowregulated the expression of PCNA protein. RIP results demonstrated that circ_cse1l inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells by binding to eIF4A3. CONCLUSIONS The expression of circ_cse1l is downregulated in CRC. Furthermore, circ_cse1l downregulated PCNA expression by binding to eIF4A3, inhibiting the proliferation of CRC cells.Coal chemical industry (CCI) generally utilizes reverse osmosis (RO) for water reclamation, which generates a highly concentrated stream containing refractory organic substances and high-concentration total dissolved solids (TDS). To address this issue, the present work focuses on volume reduction of RO concentrate (ROC) produced from CCI by forward osmosis (FO). We investigated the effects of membrane orientation and draw solution (DS) concentration on FO performance. Foulant removal was tested by using chemical cleaning, physical cleaning and osmotic backwash (OB). AL-FS (active layer facing feed solution) mode outcompeted AL-DS (active layer facing draw solution) mode, achieving a flux of 26.4 LMH, 92.5% water reclamation and energy consumption of 0.050 kWh·m-3 with 4 M NaCl as DS. The FO process was able to reject &gt;98% SO42-, Mg2+and Ca2+, 92-98% Si and 33-55% total organic carbon (TOC). Ten-cycle (10 × 20 h) accelerated fouling test demonstrated approximately 30% flux decline in association with Si-containing foulants, which could be removed almost completely through OB with 97.1% flux recovery. This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of FO for volume reduction and water reclamation of ROC produced from CCI, making the treatment of ROC more efficient and more energy effective.Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) characteristics were improved by two techniques, Na-alginate entrapment and glutaraldehyde crosslinking prior to alginate entrapment, in order to enhance the stability, functionality and removal of dyes in waste water. Free, entrapped and crosslinked-entrapped enzymes were compared by activity assays, which indicated the optimum temperature is 25 °C and pH 4.0-5.0. Kinetics results showed that alginate entrapment and crosslinking prior to entrapment increased Vmax and did not cause any significant decrease in Km. The thermal resistance of the free enzyme was short-term, zero residual activity after 250 min, while the immobilized enzymes preserved more than 50% of their activity for 5 h at 60 °C. Immobilized HRP was resistant to methanol, ethanol, DMSO and THF. The storage stability of free HRP ended in 35 days whereas entrapped and crosslinked-entrapped HRPs had 87 and 92% residual activity at the 60th day, respectively. link2 HRP was used in the decolorization of azo dye Acid yellow 11 and total decolorization (&gt;99%) was obtained using crosslinked-entrapped HRP. Reusability studies presented the improvement that crosslinked-entrapped HRP reached 74% decolorization after 10 batches. The results demonstrated that the novel immobilized HRP can be used as an effective catalyst for dye degradation of industrial waste effluents.The effects of different operating parameters on the treatment efficiency of oily wastewater in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured. link3 The analyses of BOD using OxiTop biosensors are reviewed regarding performance characteristics like linearity, response time, precision, agreement between BOD28 values obtained from the biosensors and the ultimate BOD (UBOD), as well as toxic resistance and COD. The wastewater samples were seeded with the bacteria, which were isolated in the current study from Kuwaiti oil-contaminated sand, such as Bacillus mycoidesis and Bacillus subtilis. After 18 days, the margin for saponin solution and oily wastewater using either Rhododcoccus (R), a mixture of Bacillus mycoidesis and Bacillus subtilis (M) or a mixture of R&amp;M exhibited the maximum rate of BOD. It was found that the corresponding COD of the saponin solution (SS) ranged from 1,525 mg/l to 3,890 mg/l by distilled water and the mixture (RM), respectively. The COD of oily wastewater (WW) ranged from 2,900 mg/l to 4,450 mg/l by distilled water and the mixture of (RM), respectively.