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This single-base deletion was common among the highly sensitive cultivars screened from the soybean mini-core collection and other previously reported highly sensitive cultivars. Furthermore, we screened plant lines from the targeting-induced local lesions in genomes library of the soybean cultivar Enrei based on a modelled 3D structure of CYP81E22. The lines with mutations in Glyma.16G149300 were highly sensitive to bentazon, which provides strong evidence that Glyma.16G149300 is the gene responsible for high sensitivity to bentazon.Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery (AKICS) is common. Previous studies examining the role that mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may have on AKICS have not taken into account how baseline central venous pressure (CVP) and mean perfusion pressure (MPP) (i.e. MAP - CVP) can influence its evolution. To assess whether the change in MPP to the kidneys (i.e. delta MPP or DMPP) during CPB compared to baseline is an independent predictor of AKICS. After ethical approval, a retrospective observational study was performed on all patients undergoing CPB between October 2013 and June 2015 at a university-affiliated hospital. Known risk factors for the development of AKICS were recorded, as were the MPP values at baseline and during CPB. From this, statistical modelling was performed to identify predictors of postoperative AKICS. 664 patients were identified. Analysis was performed on 513 patients after exclusion. On logistic regression, significant and independent predictors of AKICS included d20DMPP (cumulative duration of MPP values during CPB that were 20% below baseline and exceeded three consecutive minutes) (P = 0.010); baseline CVP; age; pre-operative creatinine level; and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (ejection fraction (EF)  less then  45%). On alternative modelling, the cumulative number of MPP values during CPB that were 10% below baseline was also independently associated with AKICS (P = 0.003). Modelling without taking into account CVP also supported this association. The duration of differences in perfusion pressure to the kidneys during CPB compared to baseline is an independent predictor of AKICS.OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Estrogen is one of the important regulators of the balance between bone formation and bone resorption that can modulate the levels and activity of certain growth factors and cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol (ED) on bone marrow (BM) cell differentiation in vivo and ex vivo in a mouse model of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA). SUBJECT ICR (CD-2) female mice were used in present experiments (total number = 75) and bone marrow cells were used for in vitro studies. TREATMENT Mice were orally fed under different schemes with 17β-estradiol at a dose of 2&nbsp;μg or 4&nbsp;μg for 30&nbsp;days. METHODS The effect of estradiol was estimated by histopathological, flow cytometry, and ELISA assays. Statistical differences were determined by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Estradiol treatment ameliorated cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation if started from day 0 of CIOA induction, attended with a decrease of uterine and ovarian weights. Long time treatment lowered the percentage of megakaryocyte/platelet (CD62P+) populations and osteoclast (RANK+) populations in BM. Cells obtained from estradiol-treated CIOA mice showed inhibited capacity to differentiate into RANK+ and mesenchymal cells under osteoclastogenic conditions in vitro. Estrogen decreased serum IL-6 levels. CONCLUSION Results indicate a potential protective role for estrogen against the development of OA.BACKGROUND Nephrolithiasis patients undergo repeated imaging increasing their radiation risk. Guidelines recommend imaging following ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL), but not the modality or frequency of imaging. As such, we sought to elucidate common imaging practices following URSL and current knowledge of radiation exposure among endourologists. METHODS A web-based survey of Endourological Society members was used to evaluate knowledge and clinical practices regarding radiation exposure in post-URSL imaging. Respondents were grouped by years of experience ( 30&nbsp;kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a knowledge gap regarding radiation exposure during CT scans and the limitations of low-dose CT imaging. This gap is wider in non-US-based urologists and in those with over 10&nbsp;years of experience. However, all urologists would benefit from improved education and clear guidelines regarding radiation exposure in nephrolithiasis patients.PURPOSE Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) may require extensive X-ray usage. We evaluated the impact of preoperative surgeon briefing regarding the inclusion and evaluation of fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose area product (DAP) in a multicenter study on the applied X-ray usage. METHODS A prospective multicenter study of 6 tertiary centers was performed. Each center recruited up to 25 prospective patients with renal stones of any size for RIRS. Prior to study´s onset, all surgeons were briefed about hazards of radiation and on strategies to avoid high doses in RIRS. Prospective procedures were compared to past procedures, as baseline data. FT was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary parameters were stone-free rate (SFR), complications according to the Clavien, SATAVA and postureteroscopic lesion scale. Results were analyzed using T test, chi-squared test, univariate analysis and confirmed in a multivariate regression model. RESULTS 303 patients were included (145 retro- and 158 prospective). Mean FT and DAP were reduced from 130.8&nbsp;s/565.8 to 77.4&nbsp;s/357.8 (p  100 RIRS) had a significant impact on FT. Significant univariate parameters were confirmed in a multivariate model, revealing X-ray training to be radiation protective (OR -&nbsp;44, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased surgeon awareness of X-ray exposure risks has a significant impact on FT and DAP. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Vandetanib.html Vandetanib supplier] This "awareness effect" is a simple method to reduce radiation exposure for the patient and OR staff without the procedures´ outcome and safety being affected.