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MEMS switch is a movable device manufactured by means of semiconductor technology, possessing many incomparable advantages such as a small volume, low power consumption, high integration, etc. This paper reviews recent research of MEMS switches, pointing out the important performance indexes and systematically summarizing the classification according to driving principles. Then, a comparative study of current MEMS switches stressing their strengths and drawbacks is presented, based on performance requirements such as driven voltage, power consumption, and reliability. The efforts of teams to optimize MEMS switches are introduced and the applications of switches with different driving principles are also briefly reviewed. Furthermore, the development trend of MEMS switch and the research gaps are discussed. Finally, a summary and forecast about MEMS switches is given with the aim of providing a reference for future research in this domain.Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission, and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid-transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture.The discovery of metabolomics-based biomarkers has been a focus of recent kidney dysfunction research. In the present study, we aimed to identify metabolites associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population using a cross-sectional study design. At baseline, 6.5% of subjects had CKD. Pearson correlation analysis showed that 28 metabolites were significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after Bonferroni correction. Among these metabolites, 4 acylcarnitines, 12 amino acids, 4 biogenic amines, 1 phosphatidylcholine, and 1 sphingolipid were associated with CKD (p less then 0.05). After eight years, 13.5% of subjects had CKD. Three amino acid metabolites were positively associated with new-onset CKD citrulline [odds ratio (OR) 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-4.59], kynurenine (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.05-3.73), and phenylalanine (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.00-7.16). The kynureninetryptophan ratio was also associated with CKD (OR 3.20; 95% CI 1.57-6.51). The addition of multiple metabolites significantly improved the CKD prediction by C statistics (0.756-0.85, p less then 0.0001), and the net reclassification improvement was 0.84 (95% CI 0.72-0.96). Elevated hs-C reactive protein (CRP) was associated with new-onset CKD (OR 1.045, 95% CI 1.005-1.086); however, this association disappeared following adjustment with the kynureninetryptophan ratio. The levels of citrulline and kynurenine and their ratio to tryptophan in CKD patients with proteinuria were worse than those with one or neither characteristic. Together, the results of this study demonstrate that amino acid metabolites are associated with CKD eight years after initial metabolite assessment. These results could improve the identification of subjects at high risk of CKD who have modified amino acid metabolism.Poor dietary intake during pregnancy remains a significant public health concern, affecting the health of the mother and fetus. This study examines the adequacy of energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among self-declared lacto-vegetarian and non-vegetarian pregnant women. We analyzed dietary data from 627 pregnant women in Uttar Pradesh, India, using a multiple-pass 24 h diet recall. Compared to non-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians (~46%) were less likely to report excessive carbohydrate (78% vs. 63%) and inadequate fat intakes (70% vs. 52%). In unadjusted analyses, lacto-vegetarians had a slightly higher mean PA for micronutrients (20% vs. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ch4987655.html selleck chemicals llc] 17%), but these differences were no longer significant after controlling for caste, education, and other demographic characteristics. In both groups, the median intake of 9 out of 11 micronutrients was below the Estimated Average Requirement. In conclusion, the energy and micronutrient intakes were inadequate, and the macronutrient intakes were imbalanced, regardless of stated dietary preferences. Since diets are poor across the board, a range of policies and interventions that address the household food environment, nutrition counseling, behavior change, and supplementation are needed in order to achieve adequate nutrient intake for pregnant women in this population.Zirconocene-catalyzed coordination oligomerization of higher α-olefins is of theoretical and practical interest. In this paper, we present the results of experimental and theoretical study of α-olefin oligomerization, catalyzed by (η5-C5H5)]2ZrX21/1' and O[SiMe2(η5-C5H4)]2ZrX22/2' (X = Cl, Me) with the activation by modified methylalymoxane MMAO-12 or by perfluoroalkyl borate [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] (NBF) in the presence and in the absence of organoaluminium compounds, Al(CH2CHMe2)3 (TIBA) and/or Et2AlCl. Under the conditions providing a conventional mononuclear reaction mechanism, 1' catalyzed dimerization with low selectivity, while 2' initiated the formation of oligomers in equal mass ratio. The presence of TIBA and especially Et2AlCl resulted in an increase of the selectivity of dimerization. Quantum chemical simulations of the main and side processes performed at the M-06x/ DGDZVP level of the density functional theory (DFT) allowed to explain experimental results involving traditional mononuclear and novel Zr-Al1 and Zr-Al2 mechanistic concepts.