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We report, herein, a palladium-catalysed cascade comprising carbopalladation, 1,4-Pd-migration and C(sp 2 )-C(sp 2 ) bond formation to construct a variety of bis-heterocyclic frameworks in a single operational step. The methodology provides a direct approach to introduce an oxadiazole core at a remote location without any functional group obligation, with moderate to good yields.Infections from antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a serious threat because reduced antibiotic efficacy complicates treatment decisions and prolongs the disease state in many patients. To expand the arsenal of treatments against antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens, 600-Da branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) can overcome antibiotic resistance mechanisms and potentiate β-lactam antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria. BPEI binds cell-wall teichoic acids and disables resistance factors from penicillin binding proteins PBP2a and PBP4. This study describes a new mechanism of action for BPEI potentiation of antibiotics generally regarded as agents effective against Gram-positive pathogens but not Gram-negative bacteria. 600-Da BPEI is able to reduce the barriers to drug influx and facilitate the uptake of a non-β-lactam co-drug, erythromycin, which targets the intracellular machinery. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sbi-0206965.html SBI-0206965 cost] Also, BPEI can suppress production of the cytokine interleukin IL-8 by human epithelial keratinocytes. This enables BPEI to function as a broad-spectrum antibiotic potentiator, and expands the opportunities to improve drug design, antibiotic development, and therapeutic approaches against pathogenic bacteria, especially for wound care.Aim This study aimed to describe innovativeness among nurses and examine the impact of transformational leadership and demographic and occupational variables on individual innovativeness in nurses. Background Staff nurses must be innovative in order to solve problems occurring in health care environments and implement evidence-based practice. Methods This descriptive, correlational cross-sectional study comprised 300 nurses working in two hospitals in Turkey. The data were collected with a demographic and occupational questionnaire, the Individual Innovativeness Scale and the Transformational Leadership Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and backward regression. Results Most nurses were categorized as "early majority" (45.3%) or "early adopter" (39.3%) for innovativeness. Education level, position, high self-perceptions of leadership skills and/or perceiving transformational leadership as a high-performance expectation were associated with high levels of individual innovativeness. Conclusion Almost half of the nurses were early adopters who can be role models to other nurses in the diffusion of innovation. Having higher education levels, positions, leadership skills and expectations from management affected nurses' individual innovation more positively. Implications for nursing management It can be helpful for nurse managers to understand the adopter categories and affective variables of innovativeness for the diffusion of innovative practices and evidence-based standards at hospitals.Urolithins (i.e., hydroxyl substituted benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives) are formed within the gastrointestinal tract following to the exposure to various ellagitannin rich diet, particularly involving pomegranate, nuts, and berries. Regarding the bioavailability deficiency of ellagitannins, the biological activities obtained through the extracts of these dietaries are attributed to the urolithin compounds, since they are bioavailable. Particularly, there are studies indicating the importance of ellagitannin rich food for protective and alternative treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). From this perspective, within this study, the major urolithins (i.e., Urolithin A and B), their methyl ether metabolites, as well as some synthetic urolithin analogues have been synthesized and screened for their biological activities in various enzyme inhibition (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase 1, and cyclooxygenase 2) and antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging) assay systems. The results, for the first time, pointed out the possible mechanisms of the activities of the urolithins for the treatment of AD with the corresponding structure activity relationships. Docking studies were also performed to investigate the possible interactions with the corresponding receptors.Undergraduate students can find some aspects of NMR Spectroscopy daunting, and difficult to understand. Due to their flexibility and ease-of-use, 'benchtop' spectrometers can help to clarify key concepts and enhance learning. Here we suggest approaches to demystifying resolution, sensitivity, magnetic field variation and its consequent impact on spectra, quantitation and mixtures.Although there has been a recent focus on decreasing opioid prescribing through alternative pain medication protocols, the patient's perception of pain related to breast reconstructive surgeries has not been well described. We sought to evaluate patient perception of pain control as it influences opioid use. We hypothesize that modifiable factors may influence patterns in pain perception and postoperative opioid use. Patients undergoing consultation for mastectomy with immediate, implant-based breast reconstruction were enrolled in a prospective, cohort survey study. A survey was administered at preoperative and postoperative appointments to collect data on pain expectations and pain control. Of 100 patients enrolled, 85% completed the postoperative survey. Over half of patients (52%) reported feeling anxious about pain control after surgery. Patients with preoperative opioid use were more likely to expect complete relief of pain postoperatively (P = .038). Patients with psychiatric comorbidity were more likely to report feeling anxious about postoperative pain (P = .012; 70% vs 42%; OR 3.0 CI 1.2-7.4). Patients who reported feeling anxious about pain control preoperatively were more likely to report trying opioids (P = .047; 67% vs 44%; OR 2.5 CI 1.0-6.1) and benzodiazepines (P = .020; 80% vs 56%; OR 3.0 CI 1.2-8.0) postoperatively. Anxiety related to pain control is common and results in an increased likelihood of trying opioid and benzodiazepine medications postoperatively. This presents an opportunity to educate patients preoperatively by addressing anxiety related to pain control to decrease controlled substance use.