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Diet quality is important for a range of health outcomes but may not improve survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.<br /><br />Diet quality is important for a range of health outcomes but may not improve survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.<br /><br /> Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer have identified 16 and 27 risk regions, respectively, four of which overlap between the two cancers. We aimed to identify joint endometrial and ovarian cancer risk loci by performing a meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from these two cancers.<br /><br /> Using LDScore regression, we explored the genetic correlation between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. To identify loci associated with the risk of both cancers, we implemented a pipeline of statistical genetic analyses (i.e., inverse-variance meta-analysis, colocalization, and M-values) and performed analyses stratified by subtype. Candidate target genes were then prioritized using functional genomic data.<br /><br /> Genetic correlation analysis revealed significant genetic correlation between the two cancers (<br /><br /> = 0.43, <br /><br /> = 2.66 × 10<br /><br /> ). We found seven loci associated with risk for both cancers (<br /><br /> <br /><br /> &lt; 2.4 × 10<br /><br /> ). In addition, four novel subgenome-wide regions at 7p22.2, 7q22.1, 9p12, and 11q13.3 were identified (<br /><br /> &lt; 5 × 10<br /><br /> ). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD6244.html click here] Promoter-associated HiChIP chromatin loops from immortalized endometrium and ovarian cell lines and expression quantitative trait loci data highlighted candidate target genes for further investigation.<br /><br /> Using cross-cancer GWAS meta-analysis, we have identified several joint endometrial and ovarian cancer risk loci and candidate target genes for future functional analysis.<br /><br /> Our research highlights the shared genetic relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Further studies in larger sample sets are required to confirm our findings.<br /><br />Our research highlights the shared genetic relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Further studies in larger sample sets are required to confirm our findings.<br /><br /> Population-based pharmaco-epidemiologic studies are used to assess postmarketing drug safety and discover beneficial effects of off-label drug use. We conducted a drug-wide association study (DWAS) to screen for associations between prescription drugs and cancer risk.<br /><br /> This registry-based, nested case-control study, 110 matched on age, sex, and date of diagnosis of cases, comprises approximately 2 million Norwegian residents, including their drug history from 2004 to 2014. We evaluated the association between prescribed drugs, categorized according to the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification system, and the risk of the 15 most common cancer types, overall and by histology. We used stratified Cox regression, adjusted for other drug use, comorbidity, county, and parity, and explored dose-response trends.<br /><br /> We found 145 associations among 1,230 drug-cancer combinations on the ATC2-level and 77 of 8,130 on the ATC4-level. Results for all drug-cancer combinations are presented in this article and an online tool (https//pharmacoepi.shinyapps.io/drugwas/). Some associations have been previously reported, that is, menopausal hormones and breast cancer risk, or are likely confounded, that is, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and lung cancer risk. Other associations were novel, that is, inverse association between proton pump inhibitors and melanoma risk, and carcinogenic association of propulsives and lung cancer risk.<br /><br /> This study confirmed previously reported associations and generated new hypotheses on possible carcinogenic or chemopreventive effects of prescription drugs. Results from this type of explorative approach need to be validated in tailored epidemiologic and preclinical studies.<br /><br /> DWAS studies are robust and important tools to define new drug-cancer hypotheses.<br /><br /> .<br /><br />DWAS studies are robust and important tools to define new drug-cancer hypotheses.See related commentary by Wang and Gadalla, p. 597.<br /><br /> Exposure to higher levels of melatonin may be associated with lower breast cancer risk, but epidemiologic evidence has been limited. We examined the relationship in a case-control study nested within the Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom (DOM) study and conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies.<br /><br /> Concentrations of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) in prediagnostic first morning urine voids were measured in 274 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer and 274 matched controls from the DOM study. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted ORs of breast cancer for thirds of aMT6s. Meta-analysis of this and previous prospective studies of urinary melatonin with breast cancer risk estimated the inverse-variance weighted averages of study-specific log RRs of breast cancer for the highest versus lowest levels of aMT6s.<br /><br /> In the DOM study, the ORs of breast cancer for the middle and highest versus lowest thirds of aMT6s were 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-1.09] and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.44-1.19), respectively. In the meta-analysis of the DOM study with six previous studies (2,296 cases), RR of breast cancer for the highest versus lowest levels of aMT6s was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76-1.01).<br /><br /> Results from the DOM study, together with the published prospective data, do not support a strong association of melatonin with breast cancer risk.<br /><br /> This study adds to the relatively scarce prospective data on melatonin in relation to breast cancer risk. The totality of the prospective evidence does not clearly show an association between melatonin and breast cancer risk, but further data are needed to be able to exclude a modest association.<br /><br />This study adds to the relatively scarce prospective data on melatonin in relation to breast cancer risk. The totality of the prospective evidence does not clearly show an association between melatonin and breast cancer risk, but further data are needed to be able to exclude a modest association.<br /><br /> East Africa is affected by a disproportionately high burden of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).<br /><br /> We conducted an incident case-control study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania with 11 matching for gender and age. A questionnaire evaluated known and putative risk factors for ESCC. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate associations with ESCC risk, with adjustment for geographic zone.<br /><br /> Of 471 cases and 471 controls, the majority were male (69%); median ages were 59 and 55, respectively. In a multivariable logistic regression model, a low International Wealth Index (IWI) score [OR 2.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.41-4.68], former smoking (OR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.46-4.13), second-hand smoke in the household (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.01-2.77), daily spicy chilies (OR 1.62; 1.04-2.52), and daily salted foods (OR 2.02; 95% CI, 1.06-3.85) were associated with increased risk of ESCC. Daily consumption of raw greens (OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16-0.80), fruit (OR 0.