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In this report, we demonstrate a bimetallic Co/Cu-embedded N-doped carbon structure for trifunctional catalysis of oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline media. A hybrid catalyst synthesized through a metal-organic framework-based process (M-NC-CoCu) enables an active trifunctional catalysis due to its multi-faceted favorable characteristics. It is believed that a range of catalytically active sites are formed through the approach including well-dispersed tiny CuCo2O4 phases, a high concentration of pyridinic and graphitic N, and Cu-Ox, Cu-Nx and Co-Nx moieties. In addition, a high-surface-area morphology with a high concentration of sp2 bonding, which is beneficial for facilitated electron conduction, further contributes to the performance as an electrocatalyst.Macroplastics are the primary contributor to riverine plastic pollution by mass, posing a wide range of serious threats for riverine systems, from adversely affecting various life forms within the riverine system, to potentially increasing flood risk, and generally resulting in adverse effects on any livelihoods. Compared to other river-related research disciplines, research into riverine macroplastics and their effects has not yet featured prominently. Various quantification methods are presently used to assess the presence of macroplastics at different locations within river systems; however, overcoming limitations and unifying methods remain an essential need. Macroplastic dynamics in rivers are subject to various factors, including both material and river characteristics. We review the diverse factors that potentially influence macroplastic dynamics in rivers, and highlight our knowledge limits. We advocate for future research that enables synergies between improved field quantification techniques, use of global protocols and data sharing, and laboratory experiments. This is needed to obtain a riverine macroplastic budget model, required for the implementation of targeted management practices. Finally, a multilayer potential management strategy is presented (i) reducing the macroplastic supply into rivers; (ii) removing effectively and safely macroplastics from within rivers; and (iii) treating macroplastics once removed from the riverine system.To compare the effects of three mannans, Konjac glucomannan (KGM), guar gum (GG) and locust bean gum (LBG), on obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD), and to investigate the potential modulation of gut microbiota, we performed a 14 week study on C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD with/without mannan supplementation. The results showed that supplementing 8% KGM, GG, and LBG to a HFD dramatically reduced the body weight gain and adipose accumulation, attenuated liver injury, and antagonized glycolipid metabolism and inflammation-related parameters of HFD-fed mice in different degrees. However, only LBG had such roles when the supplement dose was reduced to 2%. In addition, it was found that LBG required more time to exert its impacts on weight control and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of gut microbiota indicated that mannans with different structures and supplement doses affected the overall structure of the gut microbiota to a varying extent and specifically changed the abundance of some OTUs. Moreover, several OTUs belonging to the genera Muribaculum, Staphylococcus, [Eubacterium] fissicatena group, and Christensenella had a high correlation with obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders of the host. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/relacorilant.html Relacorilant cost] In summary, all the three mannans had the potential to be used as alternative dietary supplements or functional foods to prevent obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders induced by a HFD, but the effects of the dose and time varied, and the functions of the mannans were associated with their ability to regulate the gut microbiota.Three half-sandwich organometallic ruthenium(ii) complexes containing purine analogs such as triazolopyrimidines of general formula [(η6-p-cym)Ru(L)Cl2], where p-cym represents p-cymene and L is 5,6,7-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tmtp for 1), 5,7-diethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (detp for 2) and 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one (HmtpO for 3), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, 15N), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for 1 and 2). All these complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines as well as L929 murine fibroblast cells, indicating [(η6-p-cym)Ru(HmtpO)Cl2] (3) as the most active representative against the HeLa cell line and simultaneously being 64-fold less toxic to normal L929 murine fibroblast cells than cisplatin. At the same time, 3 has shown antimetastatic activity comparable to NAMI-A against HeLa cells both after 24 and 48 h of treatment in a wound healing assay. In order to better understand the mechanism of anticancer action and differences in the cytotoxic activity of 1-3, the studies were expanded to determining their lipophilicity, the kinetic stability at pH 6.5-8, the effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HeLa cells and interactions with significant biomolecules (DNA and albumin) by using molecular docking and circular dichroism (CD) experiments. Furthermore, antiparasitic studies against L. braziliensis, L. infantum and T. cruzi reveal that the newly synthesized complexes 1-3 are very promising candidates which can compete with commercial antiparasitic drugs. Complex 3 in particular, on top of exhibiting a high antiparasitic effect (IC50 1000.The ability of four mononuclear nonheme iron(iv)-oxo complexes supported by polydentate nitrogen donor ligands to degrade organic pollutants has been investigated. The water soluble iron(ii) complexes upon treatment with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in aqueous solution are converted into the corresponding iron(iv)-oxo complexes. The hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) ability of iron(iv)-oxo species has been exploited for the oxidation of halogenated phenols and other toxic pollutants with weak X-H (X = C, O, S, etc.) bonds. The iron-oxo oxidants can oxidize chloro- and fluorophenols with moderate to high yields under stoichiometric as well as catalytic conditions. Furthermore, these oxidants perform selective oxidative degradation of several persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as bisphenol A, nonylphenol, 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and gammaxene. This work demonstrates the utility of water soluble iron(iv)-oxo complexes as potential catalysts for the oxidative degradation of a wide range of toxic pollutants, and these oxidants could be considered as an alternative to conventional oxidation methods.