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Accurate diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) is the first important step in ensuring appropriate management of the disease. A multitude of tests involving assessment of biomarkers help in assessment of severity and grading of osteoarthritic damage. However, most tests are time consuming and are limited by the paucity in synovial fluid volume. In majority of OA effusions, calcium containing crystals are found. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether a correlation existed between the amount of calcium containing crystals present in synovial fluid and severity scoring of OA to propose a quick and inexpensive technique for disease assessment.<br /><br /> Monosodium-iodoacetate was used to induce high- and low-grade knee OA in adult New Zealand white rabbits (n=6 joint each group). At 16 weeks, synovial fluid and joints were harvested for histopathological analysis. OA grading was established based on OARSI scoring. Synovial fluid calcium crystal count was assessed by light microscopy (Alizarin red) and confirmed by Fluhod for screening and assessing disease progression.Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Therapy (LIPUS) is a non-invasive treatment and aims to reduce fracture healing time and avoid non-union by delivering micro-mechanical stress to the bone to stimulate bone healing. In 2018, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommended that the evidence for LIPUS to promote healing of delayed-union and non-union fractures raised no major safety concerns, but the current evidence on efficacy is inadequate in quality. Little is known about the potential benefits of LIPUS for fracture healing in diabetic patients. In this article, we review the current evidence of LIPUS therapy both in animal and human studies and its possible application on fractures in diabetics.Scientists and health professional are focusing on improving the medical sciences for the betterment of patients. The fourth industrial revolution, which is commonly known as Industry 4.0, is a significant advancement in the field of engineering. Industry 4.0 is opening a new opportunity for digital manufacturing with greater flexibility and operational performance. This development is also going to have a positive impact in the field of orthopaedics. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kpt-330.html ATG-010] The purpose of this paper is to present various advancements in orthopaedics by the implementation of Industry 4.0. To undertake this study, we have studied the available literature extensively on Industry 4.0, technologies of Industry 4.0 and their role in orthopaedics. Paper briefly explains about Industry 4.0, identifies and discusses the major technologies of Industry 4.0, which will support development in orthopaedics. Finally, from the available literature, the paper identifies twelve significant advancements of Industry 4.0 in orthopaedics. Industry 4.0 uses various types of digital manufacturing and information technologies to create orthopaedics implants, patient-specific tools, devices and innovative way of treatment. This revolution is to be useful to perform better spinal surgery, knee and hip replacement, and invasive surgeries.Researchers, engineers and doctors are continuously focusing on the development of orthopaedics parts characterised by the required responses. So, advanced manufacturing technologies are introduced to fulfil various previously faced challenges. 4D printing provides rapid development with its capability of customization of smart orthopaedics implants and appropriate surgical procedure. This technology opens up the making of innovative, adaptable internal splints, stents, replacement of tissues and organs. Thus, to write this review based article, relevant papers on 4D printing in medical/orthopaedics and smart materials are identified and studied. 4D printed parts show the capability of shape-changing and self-assembly to perform the required functions, which otherwise manufactured parts are not providing. Smart orthopaedics implants are used for spinal deformities, fracture fixation, joint, knee replacement and other related orthopaedics applications. This paper briefs about the 4D printing technology with its major benefits for orthopaedics applications. Today various smart materials are available, which could be used as raw material in 4D printing, and we have discussed capabilities of some of them. Due to the ability of shape-changing, smart implants can change their shape after being implanted in the patient body. Finally, twelve significant advancements of 4D printing in the field of orthopaedics are identified and briefly provided. Thus, 4D printing help to provide a significant effect on personalised treatments.<br /><br /> Liposarcoma (LPS) is a one of the most commonly diagnosed soft tissue sarcomas. Little is known about the epidemiology and prognosis of each subtype. We present an analysis of epidemiology and survival of the subtypes of LPS using a national database.<br /><br /> We queried the Survival Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and the Canadian Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) databases for data on 7 types of LPS. Pearson's chi square was used to determine associations between variables and subtypes. Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression analyses were performed for two tests one using SEER data and the other using variables common to both SEER and ICES.<br /><br /> The well-differentiated subtype was the most common subtype identified. Metastatic disease was associated with decreased survival across all subtypes and age &gt;35 was associated with decreased survival in well-differentiated and myxoid subtypes. Tumor grade was associated with decreased survival in the well-differentiated, myxoid, mixed, and round cell subtypes. In the secondary analysis, age &gt;35 was associated with decreased survival in the myxoid subtype.<br /><br /> The prognosis of liposarcoma differs greatly by subtype. Clinicians should account for patient factors at the time of diagnosis to best navigate treatment of their patients.<br /><br />The prognosis of liposarcoma differs greatly by subtype. Clinicians should account for patient factors at the time of diagnosis to best navigate treatment of their patients.<br /><br /> A heavily loaded subsidized government run OPD at tertiary care hospital normally caters 200-300 patients daily. Constant improvement in management of OPD through new policies are essential for better patient management and for proper utilization of skill, expertises and time of senior faculty. We designed a new concept of OPD TRIAGE for the same.<br /><br /> Study was carried out on 1800 randomly selected patients, 950 each on triage &amp; non triage interventional day.Patients were interviewed and changes in their satisfaction level were noted through a questionnaire. Senior treating faculty were also questioned about their changes in behaviour towards patient due to the intervention.<br /><br /> On triage days around 91% patients are satisfied with professional care, depth of relationship, doctor's attitude, counselling from doctor. While on non triage days, this figure is only 51%. Regarding treating doctors, around 93% percent of the time, the consultants were more happy and enthusiastic to consult patients on OPD triage days.