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No differences were observed between AI- and natural service-sired females based on pregnancy status at first and second pregnancy diagnosis (P &gt; 0.05). Sire type was only found to be significant for age at first calving (P 0.05) but was significant for age at first calving (P less then 0.05). These data suggested that lighter heifers calved earlier which contradicts our original hypothesis. Overall, commercial Angus females sired by AI or natural service bulls had similar reproductive performance. Factors that were commonly associated with reproductive success were not significant in this commercial Angus herd managed with estrus synchronization. Given the size of these data, the importance of body condition, age, and weight should be reassessed in modern genetics and management practices.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of protein supplementation and pasture contamination with gastrointestinal nematodes on the mitigation of parasitic infection in grazing lambs. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between protein supplementation and newly sown pasture in evaluating lamb growth and health parameters associated with parasitism. Furthermore, we questioned if there would be an interaction between protein supplementation and pasture type. A total of 192, 60-d-old lambs (28.3 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments 1) new pasture without supplementation (NN); 2) new pasture with supplementation (NS); 3) established pasture without supplementation (EN); and 4) established pasture with supplementation (ES) and grazed for 112 d. Lambs were supplemented at a rate of 1% body weight/d. Supplemented lambs had greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) when compared with non-supplemented lambs (P less then 0.04). Additionally, lambs ong increase in lamb BW whereas newly sown pasture had a 1.3 kg increase in lamb BW. A protein rich supplement given to lambs grazing pastures contaminated primarily with H. contortus or placing lambs on newly sown pasture increases lamb BW and improves parasite resiliency. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/noradrenaline-bitartrate-monohydrate-levophed.html Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate] Selection of parasite management strategies may be influenced by cost of production and market opportunities.In a 72-d trial, 256 pigs (Line 600 × 241, DNA Columbus, NE) were used to determine the effect of dietary Cr (Cr propionate; Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA) and physical space restriction on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Pens were blocked by initial weight and randomly assigned to treatments with eight pigs per pen and eight pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of Cr (control and Cr propionate, 200 µg/kg added Cr) and space allowances (0.91 m2/animal normal and 0.63 m2/animal restricted). Pigs were fed in three dietary phases and pigs were weighed approximately every 14 d throughout the study. Feed efficiency was calculated as both a standard gain to feed ratio and as an adjusted GF ratio at a common final bodyweight. There were no evidence of space allocation × Cr interactions for any measured responses (P &gt; 0.05). Space restriction decreased (P 0.10). These results demonstrated that there were no interactions between Cr propionate and space allocation, illustrating that under the conditions of this study Cr propionate did not provide an advantage in growth performance or carcass characteristics in either adequate or restricted space allocation.In a 12-week feeding trial, 32 rabbits (Chinchilla × New Zealand White; 56 days old; 691 ± 1 g body weight) were used to investigate the effect of pro- and prebiotics as growth enhancer on the growth performance, intestinal mucosal development, hematological and serum biochemical responses of rabbits. The dietary Biotronic® prebiotics and Biovet®-YC probiotics were added at 400 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. The rabbits were housed individually and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (n = 8/group; 5050 bucks to does) including a control diet (diet 1), diet 2 (control + Biotronic® prebiotics), diet 3 (control + Biovet®-YC probiotics) and diet 4 (control + symbiotics [Biotronic® prebiotics and Biovet®-YC probiotics]). Body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored. Five rabbits per treatment were used for organ assessment and intestinal histomorphology after feeding trial. Blood samples were collected for hematological and serum bi improved performance, intestinal development and blood profiles and aid feed digestion, nutrient absorption and utilization in rabbits.Piglets experience a decline in body temperature immediately after birth, and both drying and warming piglets at birth reduce this. However, these interventions may be less effective at higher farrowing room temperatures. This study was carried out at a commercial facility to compare the effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on postnatal rectal temperature (RT) under relatively warm farrowing room temperatures (26.6 ± 2.09 °C). Forty-five sows/litters were used in a completely randomized design to compare three Intervention Treatments (applied at birth) Control (no treatment); Warming (piglets placed in a plastic box under a heat lamp for 30 min); and Drying+Warming (piglets dried with desiccant and warmed as above). Temperatures in the warming boxes over the study period averaged 37.7 ± 2.75 °C. At birth, piglets were weighed; RT temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1,440 min after birth. Blood samples were collected at 24 h after birth from a subsample of one piglet from eabirth than warming alone, though the effect was less than observed in previous studies carried out under cooler farrowing room temperatures.Two 44-d experiments were conducted to evaluate nutritional strategies with different concentrations of dietary lysine (and other amino acids) on growth rate and subsequent compensatory gain of 90-kg finishing pigs. Three diets were formulated to contain 0.70 (control), 0.50% and 0.18% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys. In Exp. 1, 356 pigs (Line 241 × 600, DNA; initially 89.0 ± 1.10 kg) were used with four treatments. From d 0 to 28, pigs received either the control or the 0.50%-Lys diet. On d 28, pigs either remained on these diets or were switched the 0.18%-Lys diet until d 44. There were 18 pens per treatment from d 0 to 28 and 9 pens per treatment from d 28 to 44. From d 0 to 28, pigs fed the 0.50%-Lys diet had decreased (P less then 0.001) ADG and GF compared to those fed the control diet. From d 28 to 44, pigs switched to the 0.18%-Lys diet had decreased (P less then 0.05) ADG and GF compared to pigs that remained on the control or 0.50%-Lys diets. From d 0 to 44, pigs fed 0.50%-Lys diet for 4e first week after switching to the control diet and 12% for the rest of the trial. Despite this improvement, overall ADG, G;F, final BW, and percentage carcass lean decreased (linear, P less then 0.05) as the duration of Lys restriction increased. In summary, feeding Lys-restricted diets reduced the ADG and GF of finishing pigs. Compensatory growth can be induced in Lys-restricted finishing pigs, but the duration of restriction and recovery influences the magnitude of compensatory growth.<br /><br /> Dietary supplements, like small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS), are used in intervention programs to prevent undernutrition among women and young children in low-income countries. An objective marker is needed to track consumption of supplements to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs.<br /><br /> The aim of this study was to evaluate saccharin and resveratrol as potential adherence markers for tracking recent consumption of a single serving of SQ-LNS in women.<br /><br /> Forty-seven healthy nonpregnant women 18-45 y of age were assigned to consume a single dose of SQ-LNS (20g) containing either 10mg sodium saccharin or 5mg <br /><br /> -resveratrol, under supervision. On the day before and for 2 d following SQ-LNS consumption, urine samples were collected each day for 24 h as 3 consecutive 4-h collections and one 12-h overnight collection. Urinary concentrations of saccharin and <br /><br /> -resveratrol-3-O-sulfate, a resveratrol metabolite, were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced to asveratrol-3-O-sulfate reflect consumption of SQ-LNS containing those compounds during the first 12h post-consumption with high sensitivity and specificity in healthy women and may be useful objective adherence markers for tracking consumption of SQ-LNS.<br /><br />Urinary concentrations of saccharin and trans-resveratrol-3-O-sulfate reflect consumption of SQ-LNS containing those compounds during the first 12 h post-consumption with high sensitivity and specificity in healthy women and may be useful objective adherence markers for tracking consumption of SQ-LNS.Purpose To understand clinicians' perspectives on dialysis care of undocumented immigrants. Methods A 21-item Internet-based survey using Survey Monkey® was sent to 765 physicians and nurses at a safety-net hospital located in Indianapolis, IN. Moral distress thermometer score was used to assess moral distress (MD). Participants were asked to rate their MD regarding five ethically challenging clinical situations (1) frail patients with multiple comorbidities and poor quality of life, (2) patients with dementia, (3) a noncompliant patient with frequent emergency room (ER) visits, (4) violent patients with potential harm to others, and (5) undocumented immigrants receiving emergent dialysis only. Key Results There were 299 of 775 participants (38.5% response rate) who completed the survey; 49.5% were physicians. Nearly half (48%) reported severe MD and 33% reported none to mild. In adjusted ordered logistic regression, females had significantly higher odds of MD (odds ratio [OR]=2.12, CI 1.03-4.33), and nurses had lower MD than fellows/residents (OR=0.14, CI 0.03-0.63). Over 70% of respondents attributed their distress to suffering of patients due to inadequate dialysis and tension between what is considered ethical and the law allows or forbids; 78% believed the patients' quality of life to be worse than those who receive routine hemodialysis. Among nephrologists, caring for these patients led to MD levels like that of dealing with a violent dialysis patient. Conclusions Emergent-only dialysis causes significant MD in clinicians. Legal and fiscal policies need to be balanced with the ethical and moral commitments of providers for ensuring standard of care to all.Purpose The coronavirus pandemic has created the greatest public health crisis in a century, causing &gt;500,000 deaths in the United States alone. Minoritized and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups have borne a disproportionate burden of severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. Recently developed FDA-approved vaccines have been shown to significantly reduce severe COVID-19-related outcomes. Vaccination campaigns have the potential to advance health equity by prioritizing allocation to those at highest risk while striving for herd immunity. Large integrated health systems have been faced with the daunting task of meeting the rapidly evolving needs of diverse patient populations for the provision of population-based testing, treatment, education, and now vaccine distribution. We have designed a COVID-19 vaccine equity index (CVEI) to guide health system vaccination strategy. Methods We considered proportion unvaccinated within a health care system. We then used real-time readily available electronic health record (EHR) COVID-19 testing positivity and proportion hospitalized to measure burden of illness by race/ethnicity.