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047). Presence of osteolytic metastases (HR 3.85, 95% CI 1.52-9.77p=0.005) but not occurrence of SREs was associated with impaired overall survival. Among the 36 patients who received ART (no ART n=71), SREs were significantly less frequent than in untreated patients (p=0.04). CONCLUSION Bone metastases are common in metastatic MTC and most often with an osteolytic morphology and an unfavorable prognosis. The majority of SREs occur in osteolytic metastases and may be prevented by anti-resorptive treatment. © Endocrine Society 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Swelling pressure in the interstitial fluid within the pores of cartilage tissue is known to have a significant effect on the rheology of cartilage tissue. The swelling pressure varies rapidly within thin regions inside pores known as Debye layers, caused by the presence of fixed charge, as observed in cartilage. Tissue level calculation of cartilage deformation therefore requires resolution of three distinct spatial scales the Debye lengthscale within individual pores; the lengthscale of an individual pore; and the tissue lengthscale. We use asymptotics to construct a leading order approximation to the swelling pressure within pores, allowing the swelling pressure to be systematically included within a fluid-solid interaction model at the level of pores in cartilage. We then use homogenization to derive tissue level equations for cartilage deformation that are very similar to those governing the finite deformation of a poroviscoelastic body. The equations derived permit the spatial variations in porosity and electric charge that occur in cartilage tissue. Example solutions are then used to confirm the plausibility of the model derived and to consider the impact of fixed charge heterogeneity, illustrating that local fixed charge loss is predicted to increase deformation gradients under confined compression away from, rather than at, the site of loss. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. All rights reserved.The initial objective of this study was to determine if activation of the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2/TAS1R3 is necessary for perception of sweet thermal taste. Our approach was to inhibit the receptor with the inverse agonist lactisole using a temperature-controlled flow gustometer. Because all prior studies of thermal taste used metal thermodes to heat the tongue tip, we first investigated whether it could be generated in heated water. Experiment 1 showed that sweetness could be evoked when deionized water was heated from 20° to 35°C, and testing with static temperatures between 20° and 35°C demonstrated the importance of heating from a cool temperature. As in previous studies, thermal sweetness was reported by only a subset of participants, and replicate measurements found variability in reports of sweetness across trials and between sessions. Experiment 2 then showed that exposure to 8mM lactisole blocked perception of sweet thermal taste. Confirmation of the involvement of TAS1R2/TAS1R3 led to an investigation of possible sensory and cognitive interactions between thermal and chemical sweetness. Using sucrose as a sweet stimulus and quinine as a non-sweet control, we found that dynamic heating capable of producing thermal sweetness did not increase the sweetness of sucrose compared to static heating at 35°C. However, sweet thermal taste was disrupted if trials containing sucrose (but not quinine) were interspersed among heating-only trials. These findings provide new information relevant to understanding the perceptual processes and receptor mechanisms of sweet thermal taste, as well as the heat sensitivity of sweet taste in general. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.The purpose of this study was to reveal the influence mechanism of preparing high quality modified starch by ultrasonic-assisted treatment. In this paper, ultrasonic modified starch and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified starch were prepared under ultrasonic conditions. The effect of ultrasound on the structure and properties of native starch were studied to see whether ultrasound could produce mechanochemical effect on starch granules. Then the mechanism of ultrasonic effect on the quality of OSA-modified starch was revealed by mechanochemical effect. The results showed that the morphology and crystalline regions of starch granules were destroyed after ultrasonic treatment, and the structure and properties of starch granules changed in different stages. These changes showed that ultrasonic treatment produced significant mechanochemical effect on starch granules. Thus the quality of OSA-modified starch prepared by ultrasonic-assisted treatment was improved significantly, and its influence mechanism was analyzed using the theory of mechanochemistry. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.We sought to gain insights into the determinants of seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) uptake by conducting an age-stratified analysis (18-64 and 65+) of factors associated with SIV uptake among at-risk adults registered to English practices. Records for at-risk English adults between 2011 and 2016 were identified using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database. SIV uptake was assessed annually. The associations of patient, practice, and seasonal characteristics with SIV uptake were assessed via cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, using mixed-effects and general estimating equation logistic regression models. Overall SIV uptake was 35.3% and 74.0% for adults 18-64 and 65+, respectively. Relative to white patients, black patients were least likely to be vaccinated (OR18-64 0.82 (95% CI 0.80, 0.85); OR65+ 0.59 (95% CI 0.56, 0.62)), while Asian patients among 18-64&nbsp;year olds were most likely to be vaccinated (OR18-64 1.10 (95% CI 1.07, 1.13)). Females were more likely than males to be vaccinated among 18-64&nbsp;year olds (OR18-64 1.19 (95% CI 1.18, 1.20)). Greater socioeconomic deprivation was associated with decreased odds of uptake among older patients (OR65+ 0.74 (95% CI 0.71, 0.77)). For each additional at-risk condition, odds of uptake increased (OR18-64 2.33 (95% CI 2.31, 2.36); OR65+ 1.39 (95% CI 1.38, 1.39)). Odds of uptake were highest among younger patients with diabetes (OR18-64 4.25 (95% CI 4.18, 4.32)) and older patients with chronic respiratory disease (OR65+ 1.60 (95% CI 1.58, 1.63)), whereas they were lowest among morbidly obese patients of all ages (OR18-64 0.68 (95% CI 0.67, 0.70); OR65+ 0.97 (95% CI 0.94, 0.99)). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/-epicatechin.html selleckchem] Prior influenza season severity and vaccine effectiveness were marginally predictive of uptake. Our age-stratified analysis uncovered SIV uptake disparities by ethnicity, sex, age, socioeconomic deprivation, and co-morbidities, warranting further attention by GPs and policymakers alike. © 2020 The Author(s).