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govern the function of the heart.Pediatric neurology patients frequently use integrative medicine; however, providers may feel uncomfortable or unfamiliar with these therapies. Child neurologist attitudes toward integrative medicine and educational needs in integrative medicine have not been assessed. A national, anonymous survey was distributed to Child Neurology residents (n=294) and program directors (n=71) to assess attitudes toward specific integrative medicine modalities, practices in discussing integrative medicine with patients, and perceived need for a curriculum on integrative medicine; 61 (17%) partially and 53 (15%) fully completed the survey. Comparative analyses applied chi-square and independent t tests. Qualitative content analysis was performed on free text responses. Most providers surveyed consider mind and body practices safe (93% of respondents) and effective (84%), but have concerns about the safety of chiropractic manipulation (56% felt this was harmful), and the efficacy of homeopathy (none considered this effective). Few inquire about patient integrative medicine use regularly. Child Neurology residents are interested in further education on this topic.During drug discovery, compounds/biologics are screened against biological targets of interest to find drug candidates with the most desirable activity profile. The compounds are tested at multiple concentrations to understand the dose-response relationship, often summarized as AC50 values and used directly in ranking compounds. Differences between compound repeats are inevitable because of experimental noise and/or systematic error; however, it is often desired to detect the latter when it occurs. To address this, the β-expectation tolerance interval is proposed in this article. Besides the classical acceptance criteria on assay performance, based on control compounds (e.g., quality control samples), this metric permits us to compare new estimates against historical estimates of the same study compound. It provides a measure that detects whether observed differences are likely due to systematic error. The challenge here is that limited information is available to build such compound-specific acceptance limits. To this end, we propose the use of Bayesian β-expectation tolerance intervals to validate agreement between replicate potency estimates for individual study compounds. This approach allows the variability of the compound-testing process to be estimated from reference compounds within the assay and used as prior knowledge in the computation of compound-specific intervals as from the first repeat of the compound and then continuously updated as more information is acquired with subsequent repeats. A repeat is then flagged when it is not within limits. Unlike a fixed threshold such as 0.5log, which is often used in practice, this approach identifies unexpected deviations on each compound repeat given the observed variability of the assay.Objective SB4, SB2, and SB5 are biosimilars of etanercept (ETN), infliximab (INF), and adalimumab (ADA), respectively. This pooled analysis evaluated the immunogenicity of these treatments across three phase III randomized controlled trials of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Patients had to have at least one anti-drug antibody (ADAb) assessment up to the time of the primary endpoint from each study (week 24 in SB4 and SB5 studies; week 30 in SB2 study). The effect of ADAbs on American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response and the incidences of injection-site reactions (ISRs)/infusion-related reactions (IRRs) were evaluated. Results The study included 1709 patients. The cumulative incidences of ADAbs were 30.3% in the all-treatments-combined group, 29.1% in the biosimilars combined group, and 31.5% in the reference products combined group. ACR20 response rates were significantly lower in ADAb-positive patients in the all-treatments-combined [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.77 (1.37, 2.27), p less then 0.0001], biosimilars combined [2.24 (1.53, 3.30), p less then 0.0001], and reference products combined [1.49 (1.06, 2.09), p = 0.0225] groups. ADAb-positive patients also had a higher likelihood of developing ISRs/IRRs in the all-treatments-combined group [0.56 (0.31, 1.01), p = 0.0550], predominantly due to the results observed with SB2 + INF combined rather than with SB4 + ETN or SB5 + ADA combined. Conclusion In this pooled analysis, ADAbs were associated with reduced efficacy in patients with RA treated with biosimilars (SB4, SB2, and SB5) or their reference products (ETN, INF, and ADA). ADAbs were associated with an increased incidence of ISRs/IRRs in those treated with SB2 + INF. Clinical trial registration numbers NCT01936181 (SB2 study), NCT01895309 (SB4 study), and NCT02167139 (SB5 study).Objective(s) To describe a single institution's experience with the use of steroid-eluting stents after endoscopic transnasal repair of choanal atresia. Methods A case series with review of children who underwent choanal atresia repair at a tertiary children's hospital from June 2017 to January 2018 was performed. Those who had a mometasone drug-eluting stent (Propel® Mini, Intersect ENT Inc., Palo Alto, CA) placed after primary or secondary choanal atresia repair at our institution were included. The primary outcome measure was need for revision surgery due to stenosis. Postoperative regimens, duration of stenting, and need for return to the operating room (OR) were also assessed. Results Five patients with a median age of 22 months at the time of repair met inclusion criteria. Two (40%) had bilateral atresia and 3 (60%) had confirmed CHARGE syndrome. A total of 6 mometasone drug-eluting stents were used in the 5 cases. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Sunitinib-Malate-(Sutent).html Sunitinib order] Three patients were reassessed at least once in the OR; however, the majority (57.1%) of postoperative evaluations were able to be performed in the office or bedside setting. The first and last evaluations occurred a mean of 14 and 124 days after surgery, respectively. There were no instances of restenosis, repeat surgical interventions, or stent-related complications noted. Conclusion Placement of a mometasone drug-eluting stent is a promising method to improve postoperative results and management of choanal atresia repair by limiting the need for repeat anesthetics and OR procedures, as well as the complications of traditional stents.