Zobrazení zdroje stránky Bengtsonparks3731

Anatomical imaging methods and histological examinations have limited clinical value for early monitoring of brain function damage after cardiac arrest (CA) in vivo.<br /><br /> We aimed to assess the cerebral protective effects of hydrogen in rabbits with CA by using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT).<br /><br /> Male rabbits were divided into the hydrogen-treated (n=6), control (n=6), and sham (n=3) groups. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were measured by FDG-PET/CT at baseline and post-resuscitation. Blood Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured before and after the operation. After surgical euthanasia, brain tissues were extracted for Nissl staining.<br /><br /> SUVmax values first decreased at 2 and 24 h after resuscitation before rising in the hydrogentreated and control groups. SUVmax values in the frontal, occipital, and left temporal lobes and in the whole brain were significantly different between the hydrogen and control groups at 2 and 24 h postresuscitation (P&lt;0.05). The neurological deficit scores at 24 and 48 h were lower in the hydrogentreated group (P&lt;0.05). At 24 h, the serum UCH-L1 and NSE levels were increased in the hydrogen and control groups (P&lt;0.05), but not in the sham group. At 48 and 72 h post-CA, the plasma UCH-L1 and NSE levels in the hydrogen and control groups gradually decreased. Neuronal damage was smaller in the hydrogen group compared to the control group at 72 h.<br /><br /> FDG-PET/CT could be used to monitor early cerebral damage, indicating a novel method for evaluating the protective effects of hydrogen on the brain after CA.<br /><br />FDG-PET/CT could be used to monitor early cerebral damage, indicating a novel method for evaluating the protective effects of hydrogen on the brain after CA.Acute cholecystitis is a common clinical inflammatory lesion of the gallbladder. With the aggravation of inflammation, ischemic, necrosis, and even acute gangrenous cholecystitis occur in the gallbladder. At the same time, a variety of complications appear, seriously affecting the prognosis of patients. It is recommended that ultrasound can be utilized as the first choice for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, due to its fastness, convenience, non-radiation, and low cost. Here, we summarize the latest progress that can predict acute gangrenous cholecystitis in ultrasound, thus assisting us in identifying patients with high risk of gangrene in early stage, and treating these patients in time.<br /><br /> Angiolipoleiomyoma (ALLM) is a rare hamartomatous tumor of mesenchymal origin composed of smooth muscle, mature adipose tissue, and blood vessels in various proportions. Because of its histologic similarity to renal Angiomyolipoma (AML), it is also called uterine angiomyolipoma. Preoperative diagnosis of uterine ALLM is very challenging due to its uncommon incidence and absence of established characteristic imaging findings.<br /><br /> A 50-year-old multiparous female patient visited our institution for gynecologic screening. Transvaginal Sonography (TVS), Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography (CT), and pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed large well-defined masses involving the posterior uterine wall with rectal indentation. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy for this tumor and the histopathological diagnosis was uterine ALLM.<br /><br /> This report would contribute to understanding and establishing the radiologic findings of the uterine ALLM. Considering the benign characteristics and favorable prognosis of this rare tumor, familiarity with its imaging findings by radiologists will guide clinicians in better patient management and prevention of unnecessary radical surgery.<br /><br />This report would contribute to understanding and establishing the radiologic findings of the uterine ALLM. Considering the benign characteristics and favorable prognosis of this rare tumor, familiarity with its imaging findings by radiologists will guide clinicians in better patient management and prevention of unnecessary radical surgery.Ultrasound is one of the most widely utilized imaging tools in clinical practice with the advantages of noninvasive nature and ease of use. However, ultrasound examinations have low reproducibility and considerable heterogeneity due to the variability of operators, scanners, and patients. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted ultrasound has advanced in recent years, bringing it closer to routine clinical use. The combination of AI with ultrasound has opened up a world of possibilities for increasing work productivity and precision diagnostics. In this article, we describe AI strategies in ultrasound, from current opportunities, constraints to potential options for AI-assisted ultrasound.<br /><br /> BI-RADS classification facilitates the information related to diagnosis for radiologists. It allows radiologists to interpret mammograms accurately.<br /><br /> We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the three modalities, USG, MG and MRI, with the BI-RADS classification system according to their imaging findings.<br /><br /> This study included 82 patients who underwent Tru-Cut biopsy under the guidance of USG, MG, and MRI. Mammography, sonography and MRI were performed in the prone position.<br /><br /> Of the patients, 46.3%, 14.6%, and 39.0% were assessed in 4A, 4B, and 5 MRI BI-RADS categories, respectively. Based on the variable surgical/pathological diagnosis, 50%, 28.0%, and 22.0% of the patients were categorized as having malignant findings, benign findings, and infectioninflammation- mastitis, respectively. The determination of the endpoints for the parameter of long-axis diameter (mm) was found to be statistically significant according to ROC analysis as a gold standard based on specificity levels of benign and malignant findings (p&lt;0.05). A significant correlation was detected between the gold standard and the categorical variable MRI BI-RADS (χ<br /><br /> =46.380, p&lt;0.01).<br /><br /> When the specificity and sensitivity of all three modalities in surgical/pathological diagnosis were compared, MRI was concluded to be superior to the other modalities and a valuable method for the prediction of lesion malignancy and determination of biopsy prediction and priority.<br /><br />When the specificity and sensitivity of all three modalities in surgical/pathological diagnosis were compared, MRI was concluded to be superior to the other modalities and a valuable method for the prediction of lesion malignancy and determination of biopsy prediction and priority.In 2020, as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic spread rapidly throughout the world, scientists worked relentlessly to develop and test the safety and effectiveness of potential vaccines. Usually, the vaccine development process involves years of investigation and testing prior to gaining approval for use in practice. A pathogenic PF4-dependent syndrome, unrelated to the use of heparin therapy, may be manifested following the administration of viral vector vaccines. It leads to severe clot formation at unusual sites approximately in 1 out of 110.000 vaccinated persons. This side effect, although rare, represents a newly devastating clotting phenomenon manifested in otherwise healthy young adults, who are often female. An in-depth description of the specific biological mechanisms implicated in the syndrome is here summarized.Background Quadricuspid pulmonary valve (QPV) is a rare congenital anomaly. Simple QPV had been mainly diagnosed at the time of autopsy before 2000 and the frequency rates of QPV are approximately 0.02%-0.41%. QPV was initially diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) after 2000 and with contrast computed tomography (CT) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) after 2009. Obtaining the cross-sectional view of the pulmonary valve using TTE is difficult. We aimed to review the papers regarding the incidence, embryology, diagnosis, associated congenital heart anomalies, and prognosis in patients with QPV, and furthermore to compare with those in patients with quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV). Case presentation We diagnosed QPV with mild stenosis in a 12-month-old infant. With a slight angulation of the transducer superiorly from the left high parasternal short-axis view, a short-axis view of QPV was obtained. Results In QPV cases diagnosed at autopsy, Hurwitz's type-b with three equal cusps and one smaller cusp is dominant, whereas Hurwitz's type-a with four equal cusps is dominant in clinically diagnosed cases. Patients with associated congenital heart anomaly and valvular stenosis are more frequent in patients with QPV than in patients with QAV. Coronary artery anomalies and infectious endocarditis are more frequent in patients with QAV than in patients with QPV. The incidence of PR is more common in type-a QPV than in type-b QPV. There is no difference between type-a QAV and type-b QAV with respect to the incidence of aortic regurgitation (AR). It is assumed that QPV is a risk factor for a Ross operation. However, QPVs have been used as autografts in certain patients. Conclusion Between QPV and QAV, various differences were found about frequency rates, diagnostic methods, valve morphology, valve function, associated congenital heart diseases, and frequencies of infectious endocarditis.<br /><br /> Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) predisposes to future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may also be associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Hypertension is an established CVD risk factor.<br /><br /> This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IFG and the associated anthropometric and metabolic disturbances in patients with hypertension.<br /><br /> Consecutive hypertensive patients not on any hypolipidemic treatment and without a diagnosis of T2DM were included. IFG was defined as a serum glucose 100 mg/dl according to American Diabetes Association criteria.<br /><br /> The total sample consisted of 1381 participants; between them 78 patients were diagnosed to have T2DM and they were excluded from the analyses, leaving a final sample of 1303 hypertensive patients [41.0% men; median age 58 (range 15-90) years] not on any hypolipidemic treatment and without a diagnosis of T2DM. IFG was identified in 469 patients (36%). IFG was more prevalent in males than in females (42.4% vs 31.8%, p&lt;0.001). Patients with IFG had greater body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and uric acid serum levels compared with patients with normal serum glucose levels.<br /><br /> This study reveals that in a sample of patients with hypertension, one out of three has IFG. This is more prevalent among men. IFG is associated with the presence of a more aggravated anthropometric and biochemical profile, possibly associated with an increased CVD risk.<br /><br />This study reveals that in a sample of patients with hypertension, one out of three has IFG. This is more prevalent among men. IFG is associated with the presence of a more aggravated anthropometric and biochemical profile, possibly associated with an increased CVD risk.A number of complexities in compliance to long- term diabetes have been elicited. It has become a global concern withoutany convincing medicinal, therapeutical methodology.Both hyperglycaemia and oxidative pressure are major notable parts that playsignificant role in the initialization of diabetic inconvenience. Natural medications have gained a lot of attention in recent years as expected restorative specialists in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications due to their many objectives and less poisonous outcomes. This survey means to evaluate theaccessible information on therapeutic spices for constrictionand the executives of diabetic complications.This study showed that a an optimistic approach for new medication terminology to treat diabetic confusion is screening compound competitors from homegrown medication; and investigation of activity of different plant extracts as well as their potency profile and to determine their job in the treatment of diabetic inconveniences must be there; and in and twitch of different metabolic pathways related to the pathogenesis of diabetic confusions. Conclusion An optimistic approach for new medication terminology to treat diabetic confusion is screening compound competitors from homegrown medication. Investigation of activity of different plant extracts as well as their potency profile and to determine their job in the treatment of diabetic inconveniences must be there. In addition, an ideal rat model which imitates human diabetic complications ought to be created.<br /><br /> In this current work, a new synthesis strategy was developed to obtain 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles derivatives.<br /><br /> A series of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles have been prepared via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 3-phenylsydnones with a variety of alkenes derivatives, symmetric and non-symmetric alkynes derivatives, N-phenyl-maleimide, N-benzyl-maleimides and maleic anhydride under conventional manner.<br /><br /> Moreover, in this work it has been demonstrated that the 4-bromopyrazole intermediates can be further functionalized by a combination of Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions with aryl-boronic acids and N-arylation reactions of anilines.<br /><br /> In summary, we have developed a new method to obtain 1,3,4 triarylated pyrazoles through 3-phenylsydnone 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. By comparing the different reactions, it is apparent that high temperatures and xylene as solvent are key to achieve pyrazoles derivatives and the best yields were observed for symmetric and non-symmetric alkynes as dipolarophiles.<br /><br />In summary, we have developed a new method to obtain 1,3,4 triarylated pyrazoles through 3-phenylsydnone 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. By comparing the different reactions, it is apparent that high temperatures and xylene as solvent are key to achieve pyrazoles derivatives and the best yields were observed for symmetric and non-symmetric alkynes as dipolarophiles.<br /><br /> Small experimental studies suggest that PTH-secretion following hypocalcemia might be blunted in people living with HIV.<br /><br /> The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of inadequately low concentrations of parathyroid hormone in the presence of hypocalcemia in people living with HIV.<br /><br /> This was a retrospective study that was conducted among PLWH enrolled in the ongoing ArcHIV study between 2016 and 2017. PLWH with routine measurements for both calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were included in this analysis. The proportion of patients with a combination of low levels of both calcium and parathyroid hormone was the primary endpoint of this analysis.<br /><br /> 496 PLWH were included (mean age 47.1 (± 10.2) years, 393 (79.2 %) men). In 14 (2.8 %) PLWH, low calcium levels with low levels of PTH were observed in the assessment conducted in both years. Undergoing a tenofovir disoproxil-containing treatment in both years was the only explanatory variable significantly associated with inadequately low levels of PTH in the presence of hypocalcemia in both years (OR 4.3 [CI95 1.4; 16.0]).<br /><br /> The combination of low levels of both calcium and PTH was found more frequent in our study sample when compared to what is expected from the general population. Interestingly, undergoing a tenofovir disoproxil-containing therapy was associated with this combination throughout both the years.<br /><br />The combination of low levels of both calcium and PTH was found more frequent in our study sample when compared to what is expected from the general population. Interestingly, undergoing a tenofovir disoproxil-containing therapy was associated with this combination throughout both the years.Sustained and intermittent hypoxia produce vasoconstriction, arterial remodeling, and hypertension in the lung. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM)-activated transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein (ORAI) channels (STOC) play key roles in the progression of pulmonary hypertension in pre-clinical models of animals subjected to sustained and intermittent hypoxia. The available evidence supports the theory that oxidative stress and hypoxic inducible factors upregulate and activate STIM-activated TRPC-ORAI Ca2+ channels, contributing to the pulmonary remodeling and hypertension induced by sustained hypoxia. However, less is known about the effects of oxidative stress and hypoxic inducible factors on the modulation of STIM-activated TRPC-ORAI channels following chronic intermittent hypoxia. In this review, we examined the emerging evidence supporting the theory that oxidative stress and hypoxic inducible factors induced by intermittent hypoxia upregulate and activate STIM-activated TRPC-ORAI Ca2+ channels. In addition, we used bioinformatics tools to search public databases for the genes involved in the upregulation of STIMactivated TRPC-ORAI Ca2+ channels and compare the differential gene expression and biological processes induced by intermittent and sustained hypoxia in lung cells.Structural DNA nanotechnology has been developed into a powerful method for creating self-assembled nanomaterials. Their compatibility with biosystems, nanoscale addressability, and programmable dynamic features make them appealing candidates for biomedical research. This review paper focuses on DNA self-assembly strategies and designer nanostructures with custom functions for biomedical applications. Specifically, we review the development of DNA self-assembly methods, from simple DNA motifs consisting of a few DNA strands to complex DNA architectures assembled by DNA origami. Three advantages are discussed using structural DNA nanotechnology for biomedical applications (1) precise spatial control, (2) molding and guiding other biomolecules, and (3) using reconfigurable DNA nanodevices to overcome biomedical challenges. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of employing DNA nanotechnology for biomedical applications, emphasizing diverse assembly strategies to create a custom DNA nanostructure with desired functions.The discovery of antibiotics was a revolutionary feat that provided countless health benefits. The identification of penicillin by Alexander Fleming initiated the era of antibiotics, represented by constant discoveries that enabled effective treatments for the different classes of diseases caused by bacteria. However, the indiscriminate use of these drugs allowed the emergence of resistance mechanisms of these microorganisms against the available drugs. In addition, the constant discoveries in the 20th century generated a shortage of new molecules, worrying health agencies and professionals about the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains against available drugs. In this context, the advances of recent years in molecular biology and microbiology have allowed new perspectives in drug design and development, using the findings related to the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to generate new drugs that are not affected by such mechanisms and supply new molecules to be used to treat resistant bacterial infections. Besides, a promising strategy against bacterial resistance is the combination of drugs through adjuvants, providing new expectations in designing new antibiotics and new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, this manuscript will address the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance, under the understanding of medicinal chemistry, showing the main active compounds against efflux mechanisms, and also the application of the use of drug delivery systems, and finally, the main potential natural products as adjuvants or with promising activity against resistant strains.<br /><br /> The neuronal death upon cerebral ischemia shares not only characteristics of necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy but also exhibits biochemical and morphological characteristics of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death that is considered to be an oxidative iron-dependent process. It is now commonly accepted that iron and free radicals are considered to cause lipid peroxidation as well as the oxidation of proteins and nucleic acids, leading to increased membrane and enzymatic dysfunction and finally contributing to cell death. Although ferroptosis was first described in cancer cells, emerging evidence now links mechanisms of ferroptosis to many different diseases, including cerebral ischemia.<br /><br /> The objective of this study was to identify the key players and underlying biochemical pathways of ferroptosis, leading to cell death upon focal cerebral ischemia in mice by using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, histochemistry, and densitometry.<br /><br /> In this study, we demonstrated that cerebral ischemia induced iron-deposition, downregulated dramatically the expression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), decreased the expression of the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), and induced inappropriate accumulation of ferritin in the ischemic brain. This supports the hypothesis that an ischemic insult may induce ferroptosis through inhibition of GPX4.<br /><br /> We conclude that iron excess following cerebral ischemia leads to cell death despite activating compensatory mechanisms for iron homeostasis, as illustrated by the accumulation of ferritins. These data emphasized the presence of a cellular mechanism that allows neuronal cells to buffer iron levels.<br /><br />We conclude that iron excess following cerebral ischemia leads to cell death despite activating compensatory mechanisms for iron homeostasis, as illustrated by the accumulation of ferritins. These data emphasized the presence of a cellular mechanism that allows neuronal cells to buffer iron levels.<br /><br /> Acupuncture has been recommended as an alternative and complementary therapy for preventing and treating cerebral ischemia by the World Health Organization (WHO) for years. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Accumulating evidence has shown that acupuncture can promote angiogenesis to attenuate brain damage after ischemic stroke. In recent years, exosome- carried microRNAs (miRNAs) activated by acupuncture have proven effective in regulating pathological changes. We, therefore, investigated whether electro-acupuncture (EA) enhanced angiogenesis in cerebral stroke via exosome-carried miR-210.<br /><br /> We extracted and identified the exosomes from the serum of MCAO with EA treatment and injected them into MCAO rats for further observation. Simultaneously, miR-120 siRNA and HIF-1α inhibitor were transfected. Then, we evaluated the volume of infarction, pathological changes, and expression levels of angiogenic related factors of each group of rats by TTC and HE staining, transmission electron microscope (TEM), western blot, and quantitative PCR (qPCR).<br /><br /> Compared with the MCAO group, EA-Exosome (EA-EXO) treatment significantly decreased the infarct volume and the pathological damage, but miR-210 siRNA or HIF-1α inhibitor reversed the protective outcomes induced by EA-EXO. Moreover, EA-EXO treatment upregulated miR-210 and increased CD34, HIF-1α, VEGF, Notch1 protein, and mRNA expressions compared to the MCAO group. MiR-210 siRNA or HIF-1α inhibitor treatments both down-regulated those angiogenic related proteins and mRNAs.<br /><br /> EA treatment could activate the HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch 1 signal pathway to facilitate angiogenesis after ischemic stroke via exosomal miR-210.<br /><br />EA treatment could activate the HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch 1 signal pathway to facilitate angiogenesis after ischemic stroke via exosomal miR-210.<br /><br /> The main limitations of the therapeutic effectiveness of tizanidine hydrochloride (TNZ) are its low bioavailability due to its tendency to undergo first-pass metabolism and short biological half-life. These factors make it an ideal candidate for formulating orally disintegrating films.<br /><br /> The present study was aimed to prepare nanoparticles of tizanidine hydrochloride using biodegradable polymers and loading them on orodispersible films to obtain a sustained release dissolution profile with improved permeability and further study the cytotoxicity on A549 lung carcinoma cells, MCF7 breast cancer cells, and HOP 92 non-small lung adenocarcinoma cells.<br /><br /> The fast-dissolving film of TNZ HCl was prepared by the solvent-casting method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, and XRD, and evaluated for critical quality attributes for this type of dosage form such as disintegration time, tensile strength, drug content, dissolution, and ex vivo permeability. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were also cxhibited an IC50 value of 65.1 % cytotoxicity on MCF-7, approximately 100% on HOP92, and 83.5 % on A549 lung carcinoma cells, thus paving the way for a new paradigm of research for a cytotoxic study on MCF-7, HOP92, and A549 cell lines using the subject drug model prepared as oral films or biodegradable nanoparticles in oral films for site-specific targeting.<br /><br /> Liposomes have been widely used in drug delivery systems because the encapsulation of liposomes changes the biological distribution profile and improves the therapeutic indices of various drugs. Thermosensitive liposomes have been proven to be a precise and effective method for cancer therapy in many preclinical studies. However, the lack of specific targeting ability to cancer cells limited their application in safe and efficient chemotherapy.<br /><br /> In the present study, an ovarian targeting ligand namely WSGFPGVWGASVK (WSG) screened by phage display in vivo was grafted on the thermosensitive phospholipids to prepare the liposomes targeting ovarian cancer cells. WSG was first grafted onto the hydrophilic terminal of DSPEPEG2000 molecules, and then the WSG modified thermosensitive liposomes (WSG-Lipo) were prepared by thin-film hydration method. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behavior of liposomes at different temperatures. The specificity of liposomes to SKOV-3 cells was studied by cell uptake in vitro.<br /><br /> The WSG-Lipo-DOX could release more DOX at 42°C than at 37°C, showing stronger specificity to SKOV-3 cells and thus selectively inhibiting SKOV-3 cells activity in vitro.<br /><br /> The active targeting liposome showed potential in improving the specificity of thermosensitive liposomes and would be applied in the chemotherapy combined with a thermotherapy.<br /><br />The active targeting liposome showed potential in improving the specificity of thermosensitive liposomes and would be applied in the chemotherapy combined with a thermotherapy.<br /><br /> Diabetes is a major global health concern, manifesting the symptoms of chronic hyperglycemia. Either insufficient or excessive angiogenesis is generally involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.<br /><br /> Given that macronutrients are important dietary players in global health issues, we aimed to review the role of macronutrients, including carbohydrates and proteins, to manage diabetes via angiogenesis modulation.<br /><br /> Sixteen studies regarding the effects of macronutrients including carbohydrates and proteins derived from plants, fungus, bacteria, and their derivatives on angiogenesis in diabetes were included in our study.<br /><br /> Reviewing these studies suggests that carbohydrates, including low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (Gl-PS), as well as oligopeptides like sea cucumber-isolated small molecule oligopeptides (SCCOPs), can induce angiogenesis in the process of wound healing. Considering retinopathy, carbohydrates including Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), Lycium barbarum (LBP), Sulfated K5 Escherichia coli polysaccharide (K5-N, OS (H)), and carnosine suppressed retinal angiogenesis. Further, rice bran protein (RBP) ameliorated angiogenesis in diabetic nephropathy. Carbohydrates including DPHC, Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARP), and LMWF showed beneficial effects on endothelial cell dysfunction.<br /><br /> In conclusion, data suggest that a number of macronutrients, including proteins and carbohydrates, could have protective effects against complications of diabetes via modulation of angiogenesis.<br /><br />In conclusion, data suggest that a number of macronutrients, including proteins and carbohydrates, could have protective effects against complications of diabetes via modulation of angiogenesis.Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related death worldwide. EC is usually diagnosed at a late stage and despite aggressive therapy, the five year survival rate of patients remains poor. Exosomes play important roles in cancer biology. Indeed, exosomes are implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. They contain bioactive molecules such as lipids, proteins, and non-coding RNAs. Recently, studies on exosomes have focused on microRNAs, small non-coding endogenous RNAs able to influence gene expression and are associated with approximately all known physiological and pathological processes, especially cancer. It is suggested that deregulation of miRNAs not only result in cancer progression, but also directly induce tumor initiation. In esophageal cancer, miRNA dysregulation plays an important role in cancer prognosis and patients' responsiveness to therapy, indicating that miRNAs are important in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the impact of exosomal miRNAs on the esophageal cancer pathogenesis and their potential applications for EC diagnosis and therapy.The cancers of cervix, endometrium, ovary and breast are great threats to women's health. Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and deregulated cell cycle progression is one of the main causes of malignancy. Agents targeting cell cycle regulators may have potential anti-tumor effects. CDC20 (cell division cycle 20 homologue) is a co-activator of the anaphase prompting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and thus acts as a mitotic regulator. In addition, CDC20 serves as a subunit of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) whose function is to inhibit APC/C. Recently, higher expression of CDC20 was reported in these cancers and was closely associated with their clinicopathological parameters, indicating CDC20 a potential target for cancer treatment that is worth to be further studied. In the present review, we summarized current progress and put forward perspectives of CDC20 in female reproductive cancers.Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in DNA repair and genome integrity. PARP-1 inhibitors can be used as effective drugs not only to treat BRCA-1/2 deficient cancers because of the synthetic lethality effect but also to treat non- BRCA1/2 deficient tumours because of the effect of PARP capture. Therefore, PARP inhibitors have become a focus of compelling research. Among these inhibitors, substituted benzimidazole derivatives were mainly concerned as lead compounds. However, the commercially available benzimidazole PARP-1 inhibitors have some shortcomings, such as serious toxicity in combination with chemotherapy drugs and in vivo cardiovascular side effects such as anemia. Therefore it is crucial for scientists to explore more structure-activity relationships of the benzimidazole PARP-1 inhibitors and access safer and more effective PARP inhibitors. As the binding regions of PARP-1 and the substrates are usually characterized by NI site and AD site, the modification of benzimidazoles mainly occurs on the benzimidazole skeleton (NI site) and the side chain of benzimidazole in the 2-C position (AD site). Herein, the recent progress in the research on benzamides PARP inhibitors was introduced. We noticed that even though many efforts were made to the modification of NI sites, there was still a lack of optimistic and impressive results. However, the structure-activity relationships of the modification of AD sites have not been thoroughly discovered yet. We hope that enlightened by the previous research, more research on AD sites should be carried out, and more effective benzimidazole PARP-1 inhibitors could be designed, synthesized, and applied to clinics.Due to their difficulty in pathogenesis, nervous system disease (NSD) therapies have long been challenging problems for researchers. With the rise in the ageing population, the quest for successful NSD therapies has become a hot topic. Polysaccharides demonstrated numerous biological effects in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation. In recent years, several studies have been conducted in light of the connection between the properties of polysaccharides and the pathogenesis of neurological conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss the most recent reports on the beneficial properties and mechanisms of polysaccharides for nervous system-related diseases.<br /><br /> Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is known to play an important role in innate immunity, while the relationship between NOD1 and inflammatory response in endometriosis remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate the effects of NOD1 on inflammatory response in endometriosis.<br /><br /> Immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were conducted to investigate the levels of NOD1 and inflammatory cytokines in the endometriotic lesions. A Spearman's rank correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlations of NOD1 and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1). Human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were isolated and incubated with peritoneal fluid with or without ML130. Cell viability was determined by using an MTT assay.<br /><br /> A significant elevation in NOD1 and inflammatory cytokine was observed in ectopic endometrium. Interestingly, a positive correlation between NOD1 and inflammatory cytokines was observed. In addition, treatment with ML130 significantly suppressed cell viability and the production of inflammatory cytokines in the 20% peritoneal fluid treated ectopic HESCs.<br /><br /> NOD1 is related to the inflammatory response that is involved in endometriosis.<br /><br />NOD1 is related to the inflammatory response that is involved in endometriosis.Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the inception of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, the virus has traveled more than 200 countries globally. The role of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 has been thoroughly investigated and reviewed in the last 22 months or so; however, a comprehensive outline of miRNAs in SARS-CoV- 2 infection is still missing. The genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA molecule nearly 29 kb in size. RNA is composed of numerous sub-constituents RNA is found in the cells in a number of forms. including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs play an essential role in biological processes like apoptosis, cellular metabolism, cell death, cell movement, oncogenesis, intracellular signaling, immunity, and infection. Lately, miRNAs have been involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, though the clear demonstration of miRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully elucidated. The present review article summarizes recent findings of miRNAs associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We presented various facets of miRNAs. miRNAs as the protagonists in viral infection, the occurrence of miRNA in cellular receptors, expression of miRNAs in multiple diseases, miRNA as a biomarker, and miRNA as a therapeutic tool have been discussed in detail. We also presented the vaccine status available in various countries.<br /><br /> Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a potent analgesic. However, its oral ingestion may cause gastrointestinal problems, including dyspepsia, abnormal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and ulcerative colitis.<br /><br /> This study aimed to prepare vesicular-based enteric microspheres containing aceclofenac by ionotropic gelation technique to minimize gastric irritation in rats.<br /><br /> The micron-size vesicles were prepared by the ionic-orifice gelation method. Three types of vesicularbased microcapsules containing aceclofenac were prepared by employing sodium alginate as the coating material in combination with Eudragit L100, Eudragit S100, and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K90. The drug to sodium alginate to polymer ratios were 10.50.5, 111, and 11.51.5, respectively. Gelation of sodium alginate was induced by the dropwise addition of calcium chloride solution (10 % w/v). Aceclofenac-loaded microspheres were evaluated in terms of aceclofenac content and in vitro drug release, and FTIR, DSC, and XRD were used for astrointestinal tract.<br /><br />Ionotropic gelation seems to be a simple, efficient technique to prepare aceclofenac-loaded microspheres with a reduced risk of gastric ulceration. It is possible to overcome the problem of gastric damage while utilizing aceclofenac by avoiding the exposure of the drug to the ulcer-prone area of the gastrointestinal tract.Huntington's disease (HD) is a distressing, innate neurodegenerative disease that descends from CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene causing behavioral changes, motor dysfunction, and dementia in children and adults. Mutation in huntingtin (HTT) protein has been suggested to cause neuron loss in the cortex and striatum through various mechanisms, including abnormal regulation of transcription, proteasomal dysfunction, posttranslational modification, and other events regulating toxicity. Pathogenesis of HD involves cleavage of the huntingtin protein followed by the neuronal accumulation of its aggregated form. Several research groups made possible efforts to reduce huntingtin gene expression, protein accumulation, and protein aggregation using inhibitors and molecular chaperones as developing drugs against HD. Herein, we review the mechanism proposed towards the formation of HTT protein aggregation and the impact of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HD.Nanotechnology is an innovative area of science that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers. The influence of nanotechnology in the cosmetic industry is overwhelming since it can enhance the properties attained by the particles at the nano level, including color, solubility, etc, and can also promote the bioavailability of API. A plethora of nanomaterials can be employed in cosmetics, including organic and inorganic nanoparticles. Unlike orthodox carriers, they facilitate easy penetration of the product into the skin, thereby increasing the stability and allowing a controlled drug release so that they can permeate deeper into the skin and start revitalizing it. Nanomaterials rejuvenate the skin by forming an occlusive barrier to inhibit the loss of water from the skin's surface and thereby moisturize the skin. Nano-cosmeceuticals are used to provide better protection against UV radiation, facilitate deeper skin penetration, and give long-lasting effects. Although they still have some safety concerns, hence detailed characterization or risk assessments are required to fulfill the standard safety requirements. In this review, an attempt is made to make a brief overview of various nanocosmeceuticals skincare and anti-aging products.<br /><br /> Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19), a current worldwide pandemic is the cause of serious concern. Risk-adjusted differences in outcomes of the patients are not well characterized. Therefore, susceptibility to infection with respect to blood group, blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, age, and BMI is analyzed in this study.<br /><br /> Blood donors of all ages and gender, who recovered from COVID-19 infection, were selected for the study. Samples were collected from the regional laboratory and the central blood bank of Hafr al Batin, Saudi Arabia. Out of 1508 healthy blood donors, 134 had recovered from corona without any preexisting diseases.<br /><br /> Major donors were male (85.1%). 28% of donors were in the age range of 26-35 years. O+(32.8%) donors were in majority. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate elevated significantly in the age group 46-55 (p&lt;0.05) and 56-65 (p&lt;0.001). Systolic blood pressure in males (134.13 ± 9.57) was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) than in females (129.35 ± 10.61). Dould be taken into account before initiating any therapeutic approach to obtain the best possible outcomes with minimum adverse effects from the current drugs utilized for SARS CoV-2 treatment, especially with the age group of 45 years and above.Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most important molecules of life, present both, inside the cells and extracellularly. It is essential building block for nucleic acids biosynthesis and crucial intracellular energy storage. However, one of the most interesting functions of ATP is the role of a signaling molecule. Numerous studies indicate the involvement of ATP-dependent pathways in maintaining the proper functioning of individual tissues and organs. Herein, the latest data indicating the ATP function in the network of intra- and extracellular signaling pathways including purinergic signaling, MAP kinase pathway, mTOR and calcium signaling are collected. The main ATP-dependent processes maintaining the proper functioning of the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, as well as skin and bones are summarized. The disturbances in the ATP amount, its cellular localization, or interaction with target elements may induce pathological changes in signaling pathways leading to the development of serious diseases. The impact of an ATP imbalance on the development of dangerous health dysfunctions such as neurodegeneration diseases, the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancers and the immune pathogenesis are discussed here.Development of novel treatment methods for cancer are needed given limitations of current treatment methods, including side effects and chemotherapeutic resistance, providing new hope for cancer patients. Cancer is the second leading cause of global mortality. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, has been used since ancient times for various therapeutic purposes. Several studies have identified its activity against cancer. Despite the established anticancer activity of curcumin, its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability are barriers to its effectiveness. In an attempt to solve this problem, many studies have formulated curcumin nanofiber preparations using a variety of methods. Electrospinning is a simple and affordable method in the production of nanofibers. Studies have shown increased curcumin bioavailability in nanofibers resulting from their high surface/ volume ratio and porosity. We have undertaken a detailed review of studies on the anticancer effects of curcumin nanofibers. Curcumin actstive cancer management. Further studies with curcumin nanofibers both in vitro and in vivo have the potential to benefit cancer management.<br /><br /> The Z-type variant of human α<br /><br /> -antitrypsin is involved in liver cirrhosis and pulmonary emphysema. Due to its slow folding characteristics, this variant accumulates folding intermediates and forms protein aggregates within hepatocytes. Misfolded proteins may induce oxidative stress and subsequent cell death.<br /><br /> The potential application of antioxidant response signaling pathway and antioxidants to cope with Z-type α<br /><br /> -antitrypsin-induced oxidative stress was evaluated.<br /><br /> Overexpression of Z-type α<br /><br /> -antitrypsin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provoked oxidative stress and increased susceptibility to oxidative challenges such as hydrogen peroxide treatment. Deletion of antioxidant-response genes, including yap1, skn7, sod2, tsa1, and pst2, exacerbated the slow growth phenotype of Z-type α<br /><br /> -antitrypsin-expressing cells. Antioxidant treatment alleviated oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by Z-type α<br /><br /> -antitrypsin.<br /><br /> Our results show that cellular antioxidant capacity is crucial to protection against misfolded Z-type α<br /><br /> -antitrypsin.<br /><br /> The information obtained here may be used to prevent oxidative stress caused by misfolded proteins, which are associated with several degenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.<br /><br />The information obtained here may be used to prevent oxidative stress caused by misfolded proteins, which are associated with several degenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.Psychopathy is associated with a deficit in affective processes and might be reflected in the inability to extract the emotional content of a stimulus. Across two experiments, we measured the interference effect from emotional images that were irrelevant to the processing of simultaneous target stimuli and examined if this interference was moderated by psychometrically defined traits of psychopathy. In Experiment 1, we showed this emotional distraction effect was reduced as a function of psychopathic traits related to cold-heartedness and occurred for both positively- and negatively-valenced images. Experiment 2 attempted to test the automaticity of the effects by presenting the emotional stimuli briefly so that the emotion was difficult to report. Again, high visibility images produced strong effects that were moderated by the cold-heatedness/meanness traits of psychopathy, but the low-visibility images did not evoke the emotional distractor effect. Our results strongly support the notion that psychopathic traits related to cold-heartedness/meanness are associated with an inability to automatically process the emotional content of images.This essay brings together different voices to reflect on several participatory research projects carried out in Colombia, based on human rights, 'empowerment', harm reduction, (im)mobility and forced migration, gendered and political violence, armed conflict, and the right to health of people in the social margins. We look back on nine years of activism to explore the foundations of what our friendships and relationships have come to know as a revolutionary ethos. We critically re-visit and reflect on the concept of 'the activist' in the realms of the human rights apparatus in Colombia, the academy and the Non-Profit Industrial Complex (NPIC). We look back on what was forged and what was lost to propose the critical concept of 'radical honesty and self-care' as the basis for a revolution that supports processes of healing and social justice. Finally, we imagine what 'healing' can look like, as committed activists despite our differences and positionalities. We engage with and problematise the different forms of activism that emerge in social struggles and we address self-criticisms, constant reflection, radical honesty and uncomfortableness as powerful tools in joining forces to continue social justice work and caring.Better understanding attitudes toward pregnancy - a potent predictor of adolescent pregnancy - could help explain the high adolescent pregnancy rate in Nunavik, Canada. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of different attitudes toward pregnancy and the factors associated with high pregnancy likelihood attitudes (HPLA; favourable, indifferent, and ambivalent), focusing on the perceived benefits of childbearing (BOC). T-tests, chi-square tests, and logistics regressions were performed based the answers of 159 Inuit women aged 16 to 20 years from the Qanuilirpitaa? survey. About 43% were ambivalent, 16% favourable, 5% indifferent, and 35% unfavourable toward pregnancy. Bivariate analysis indicate that the HPLA group was more likely to work, to report less frequent positive interactions, and to show a higher BOC score compared to others. Multivariate analysis show that an increased BOC score was associated with HPLA (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01 - 1.18). Perceiving that a baby would strengthen the relationship with the other parent (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.15 - 2.37) and that it would help to access housing were individually associated with HPLA (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.02 - 2.10). Findings provide evidence to support Inuit adolescents' reproductive choices.ABSTRACTGender equity is an important element of health promotion and is vital to ensuring that the benefits and burdens of participation in health promotion activities are fairly distributed. Yet, the gendered consequences of participatory interventions are often overlooked. This is particularly relevant for water and sanitation initiatives, given that women are generally responsible for maintaining domestic hygiene and procuring water. This study uses a qualitative approach to assess the gender dynamics of participation in community-led total sanitation (CLTS) activities in Mpwapwa District, Tanzania. We used semi-structured interviews and focus-group discussions to investigate men's and women's involvement in health promotion initiatives and their key motivators for and challenges to participation. We interviewed 77 community members from four villages and analysed the responses using qualitative content analysis. The study supports the notion that participation reinforces gender inequity and reproduces gendered norms due to activity-specific participation, women's passive participation within activities, and their limited opportunities for decision-making. However, there were also indications that participation provided a platform to increase the status of women, prioritise women's needs and demand a stronger position in decision making within the household and the community. CLTS organisers should, therefore, harness the opportunity to address gender inequalities within the community.In acrobatic sports, twisting fast before piking allows athletes to enlarge their scoring potential. Since planning the arm and hip movements to twist fast is unintuitive, optimal control appears as a powerful and risk-free tool. To our knowledge, predictive simulations of human motion did not include self-collision avoidance constraints resulting potentially in unrealistic solutions. Our objective was to generate innovative and realistic twisting techniques for forward somersaults ending in pike position by solving an optimal control problem including non-collision constraints. Optimal techniques for one, two, or three twists before piking were generated by minimising the duration of the twisting and piking phases. The model was composed of five segments with one degree of freedom at the chest and two at the hips and shoulders. We explored local minima using a multi-start approach. Solutions were further analysed to assess the impact of non-collision constraints, the segments' contribution to twist creation, and their stability. For each desired number of twists, one relevant solution was chosen. Optimisation showed that trampolinists could attempt new acrobatics forward triple twisting somersault ending in pike position. This research also shows that non-collision constraints strongly modify the optimal techniques without impairing significantly their performance.This study using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) modified zeolite as a component of bioretention substrate, to investigate the effect of HDTMA modification on the basic physical and hydraulic properties of substrate layer. Two different levels of HDTMA modified zeolite (ZHD10 and ZHD50) were mixed with a mixture consists of peat soil, river sand and compost (fixed volumetric proportion at 541) with varying volumetric percentage (25%, 50%, and 75%) to form substrate media. The modification only changes the physical properties of zeolite and media with zeolite slightly, while significant changes in surface hydrophobicity and hydraulic properties were observed. A distinct decline of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) values of zeolite can be observed after the modification, Ks values drop 36.5% for ZHD10 and 55.1% for ZHD50. In contrast, Ks values of substrate media using zeolite increase after the modification at the same volumetric ratio of zeolite. When 50% of zeolite (v/v%) was used in substrate, Ks for natural zeolite, ZHD10 and ZHD50 was 0.