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RESULTS Complete data were available for 56,445 (88.2%) of the 64,030 eligible women 24.2% experienced depression; 5.3% experienced intimate partner violence; and 16.8% experienced five or more psychosocial stressors around the time of pregnancy or birth. In adjusted models, experiencing intimate partner violence and more stressors lowered women's relative risk of using sterilization, LARC, moderately effective methods, and less-effective contraceptive methods relative to no method use. Only prepregnancy depression was associated with using sterilization compared with no method use. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing intimate partner violence and having more psychosocial stressors were each independently associated with not using a postpartum contraceptive method. Standardized screening for psychosocial factors during prenatal and postpartum care should be integrated, and practices that encourage the discussion of patients' psychosocial experiences and postpartum contraception use together are warranted.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rate of vaginal hysterectomy and outcomes after initiation of a prospective decision-tree algorithm to determine the optimal surgical route of hysterectomy. METHODS A prospective algorithm to determine optimal route of hysterectomy was developed, which uses the following factors history of laparotomy, uterine size, and vaginal access. The algorithm was implemented at our institution from November 24, 2015, to December 31, 2017, for patients requiring hysterectomy for benign indications. Expected route of hysterectomy was assigned by the algorithm and was compared with the actual route performed to identify compliance compared with deviation. Surgical outcomes were analyzed. [https://www.selleckchem.com/PI3K.html PI3K inhibitor] RESULTS Of 365 patients who met inclusion criteria, 202 (55.3%) were expected to have a total vaginal hysterectomy, 57 (15.6%) were expected to have an examination under anesthesia followed by total vaginal hysterectomy, 52 (14.2%) were expected to have an examination under anesthesia followed by robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy, and 54 (14.8%) were expected to have an abdominal or robotic-laparoscopic route of hysterectomy. Forty-six procedures (12.6%) deviated from the algorithm to a more invasive route (44 robotic, two abdominal). Seven patients had total vaginal hysterectomy when robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy or abdominal hysterectomy was expected by the algorithm. Overall, 71% of patients were expected to have a vaginal route of hysterectomy per the algorithm, of whom 81.5% had a total vaginal hysterectomy performed; more than 99% of the total vaginal hysterectomies attempted were successfully completed. CONCLUSION Vaginal surgery is feasible, carries a low complication rate with excellent outcomes, and should have a place in gynecologic surgery. National use of this prospective algorithm may increase the rate of total vaginal hysterectomy and decrease health care costs.Increasing numbers of women experience early menopause due in part to surgical treatment for benign gynecologic disorders and the rise in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in women with BRCA mutations. Unfortunately, the adverse health consequences of early loss of ovarian function accelerate the menopausal state and affect multiple systems, including cardiovascular, neurologic, bone, and connective tissue, and affect quality of life owing to vasomotor symptoms, mood, sleep, and sexual function. Yet many clinicians and women remain reluctant to use hormone therapy because of the Women's Health Initiative's adverse findings, even though they are not applicable to women with early menopause. This review examines the effects of early menopause and highlights the critical role of hormone therapy in this population.OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether group B streptococci (GBS) screening using the 2010 guideline (screening at 35 0/7-37 6/7 weeks of gestation) compared with the 2019 guideline (screening at 36 0/7-37 6/7 weeks of gestation with re-screening of women with GBS-negative results 5 weeks later) was more cost effective. METHODS We constructed a decision-analysis model to compare the outcome of GBS early-onset disease in a hypothetical cohort of 3,614,049 women at 35 0/7 weeks of gestation or greater (the number of live births in 2017 excluding births based on population frequency from 23 to 34 weeks of gestation, women with GBS bacteriuria during the current pregnancy, and those with a history of a previous neonate with GBS disease). We took both a health care and societal perspective and all costs were expressed in 2017 U.S. dollars. Effectiveness was based on neonatal quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated with a willingness to pay threshold set at $100,000/QALY. All model inputs were derived from the literature. One-way probability and cost sensitivity analysis were performed to investigate model assumptions. RESULTS Screening at 36 0/7-37 6/7 weeks of gestation with re-screening of women with GBS-negative results if 5 weeks passed from culture to delivery resulted in a 6% increase in neonatal QALYs gained (2,162 vs 2,037), 12% fewer cases of neonatal death (30 vs 34), and a 10% estimated reduction in total societal health care expenditures related to GBS early-onset disease ($639 million vs $707 million) when compared with the 2010 strategy of only screening at 35 0/7-37 6/7 weeks of gestation. The 2019 approach was cost effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $43,205 per neonatal QALY gained. CONCLUSION Screening at 36 0/7-37 6/7 weeks of gestation with a 5-week re-screening for women with GBS-negative results is more cost effective than past strategies used in the United States.AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term overall therapy outcomes and clinicopathological risk factors in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and iodine avid bone metastases. METHODS Our study included 93 patients [female to male ratio (21)]. All patients were subjected to clinical examination, laboratory assessment, I-131 whole body scan, and neck ultrasound. Iodine avid metastases were treated with successive radioactive iodine-131 (RAI-131) doses. The overall response was defined as complete response (CR), incomplete response (IR) [partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD)], and progressive disease (PD). RESULTS Fifty-four patients had follicular carcinoma and 39 with papillary type. Isolated bone metastases, bone and lung metastases, and multi-organ metastases were found in 45, 34, and 14 patients, respectively. The overall CR, PR, SD, and PD were found in 8.6%, 28%, 46.2%, and 17.2% patients, respectively. Adjunctive radiotherapy resulted in more CR, IR, and low PD rates compared to RAI-131 therapy (9.