Zobrazení zdroje stránky Ballardantonsen7274

A new kind of feminist citizenship is needed not based on identity but political values.Contraceptive stock-outs are a world-wide problem, yet published research on the impacts of contraceptive stock-outs have not been comprehensively reviewed and synthesised. This systematic review highlights findings about the impacts of contraceptive stock-outs on users, providers, and facilities and identifies topics that should be explored to ensure everyone can access their preferred method of contraception. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Popline, and JSTOR for studies addressing the impacts of contraceptive stock-outs. Of 435 studies, 25 publications addressed the impacts of contraceptive stock-outs. Only two articles focused solely on contraceptive stock-outs; the remaining studies examined stock-outs alongside other factors that may influence contraceptive service provision. Studies discussed how stock-outs limited individuals' ability to use their preferred contraceptive method, influenced where contraceptive methods were obtained and how much they cost, and limited providers' and facilities' abilities to provide contraceptive care. Comparing the impacts of contraceptive stock-outs across studies was challenging, as reliability of stock was sometimes not distinguished from overall method availability, and studies used variable methods to measure stock-outs. Evidence presented in this review can inform efforts to ensure that preferred contraceptive methods are consistently available and accessible to all.Conditional cash transfer programs are strategies used by countries over the past two decades, and they play a key role in reducing income inequalities and expanding access to basic services such as health and education. The Brazilian Cash Transfer Program (Bolsa Família), the largest conditional cash transfer program in the world, aims to bring immediate poverty alleviation and eradicate hunger. The objective of this study was to analyse the contributions of the Brazilian Cash Transfer Program for reducing social inequalities and ensuring the right to health, food, education and social assistance in Brazil. A review of the scientific literature published between 2003 and 2020 was conducted, associated with documentary research on government websites. There was a relationship between the Brazilian Cash Transfer Program, reduction of child mortality and increase in access to Primary Health Care services; increased access to food, including in natura; higher school attendance and reduced dropout. However, no improvement in the nutritional status of the families entitled to the program was observed, nor the interruption of the intergenerational cycle of poverty was ensured. The Brazilian Cash Transfer Program continues as a potent intersectoral policy for reducing inequities, which reinforces the need to strengthen and combine complementary policies to expand its effects.<br /><br /> Data suggest that the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differ among U.S. [https://www.selleckchem.com/Bcl-2.html selleckchem] racial/ethnic groups.<br /><br /> To evaluate racial/ethnic disparities in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates and COVID-19 outcomes, factors contributing to disparities, and interventions to reduce them.<br /><br /> English-language articles in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus, searched from inception through 31 August 2020. Gray literature sources were searched through 2 November 2020.<br /><br /> Observational studies examining SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, or deaths by race/ethnicity in U.S. settings.<br /><br /> Single-reviewer abstraction confirmed by a second reviewer; independent dual-reviewer assessment of quality and strength of evidence.<br /><br /> 37 mostly fair-quality cohort and cross-sectional studies, 15 mostly good-quality ecological studies, and data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and APM-2 infection and COVID-19-related mortality but similar rates of case fatality. Differences in health care access and exposure risk may be driving higher infection and mortality rates.<br /><br /> Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research &amp; Development. (PROSPERO CRD42020187078).<br /><br />Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research &amp; Development. (PROSPERO CRD42020187078).Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been consistently associated with elevated breast cancer risk in cohort studies and are associated with risk in both women with and those without a family history of breast cancer. However, before clinical implementation, several issues must be addressed, including understanding the potential clinical utility and optimal method to communicate personalized screening recommendations that incorporate the PRS. Several trials are under way to answer some of these questions and facilitate clinical implementation. Because these PRSs have been developed in women of European ancestry, it is important to understand the limitations of their predictive ability in other ancestral groups. Finally, the value of the PRS will lie in considering it along with other clinical, familial, and rare genetic factors that are currently used in personalized risk assessment of breast cancer.This case study utilizes the four domains of effective Networks of Care (NOC) as a lens to describe the suite of interventions of a biosocial approach to maternal and neonatal health services in rural Nepal The Network of Safety model, created by the non-governmental organization One Heart Worldwide (OHW) in collaboration with the government health system in Nepal. This approach provides essential guidance in the areas of health financing, governance, sustainability, reflection of user preference, and scalability. OHW addresses the reproductive health needs of women living in remote areas of Nepal in collaboration with local-level health and government workers by emphasizing clinical skill development and mentorship in management and leadership. With Nepal's shift to Federalism, the OHW approach proved flexible and able to deepen its support to leaders in new local-level government structures. The results on the ground were remarkable using analytic skills gained from their OHW partnership, municipality leaders and health workers demonstrated effective communication and proactive responses to challenges, while maintaining fidelity to the Network of Safety model.