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Herein, we report hierarchical 3D NiMn-layered double hydroxide (NiMn-LDHs) shells grown on conductive silver nanowire (Ag NWs) cores as efficient, low-cost, and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) bifunctional electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries. The hierarchical 3D architectured Ag NW@NiMn-LDH catalysts exhibit superb OER/ORR activities in alkaline conditions. The outstanding bifunctional activities of Ag NW@NiMn-LDHs are essentially attributed to increasing both site activity and site populations. The synergistic contributions from the hierarchical 3D open-pore structure of the LDH shells, improved electrical conductivity, and small thickness of the LDHs shells are associated with more accessible site populations. Moreover, the charge transfer between Ag cores and metals of LDH shells and the formation of defective and distorted sites (less coordinated Ni and Mn sites) strongly enhance the site activity. Thus, Ag NW@NiMn-LDH hybrids exhibit a 0.75 V overvoltage difference between ORR and OER with excellent durability for 30 h, demonstrating the distinguished bifunctional electrocatalyst reported to date. Interestingly, the homemade rechargeable Zn-air battery using the hybrid Ag NW@NiMn-LDHs (12) catalyst as the air electrode exhibits a charge-discharge voltage gap of ∼0.77 V at 10 mA cm-2 and shows excellent cycling stability. Thus, the concept of the hierarchical 3D architecture of Ag NW@NiMn-LDHs considerably advances the practice of LDHs toward metal-air batteries and oxygen electrocatalysts.Label-free, visible light microscopy is an indispensable tool for studying biological nanoparticles (BNPs). However, conventional imaging techniques have two major challenges (i) weak contrast due to low-refractive-index difference with the surrounding medium and exceptionally small size and (ii) limited spatial resolution. Advances in interferometric microscopy have overcome the weak contrast limitation and enabled direct detection of BNPs, yet lateral resolution remains as a challenge in studying BNP morphology. Here, we introduce a wide-field interferometric microscopy technique augmented by computational imaging to demonstrate a 2-fold lateral resolution improvement over a large field-of-view (&gt;100 × 100 μm2), enabling simultaneous imaging of more than 104 BNPs at a resolution of ∼150 nm without any labels or sample preparation. We present a rigorous vectorial-optics-based forward model establishing the relationship between the intensity images captured under partially coherent asymmetric illumination and the complex permittivity distribution of nanoparticles. We demonstrate high-throughput morphological visualization of a diverse population of Ebola virus-like particles and a structurally distinct Ebola vaccine candidate. Our approach offers a low-cost and robust label-free imaging platform for high-throughput and high-resolution characterization of a broad size range of BNPs.As the hostless nature of the conventional Li anodes with planar surfaces inevitably causes volume expansion and parasitic dendrite growth, it is essential to develop a composite electrode structure with improved Li plating/stripping behaviors to mitigate such issues. Herein, a composite Li@NF anode was successfully fabricated through lithium perfusion into the commercial nickel foam (NF) decorated with lithiophilic NiO nanosheets, demonstrating an exceptionally high areal Li loading of 53.2 mg cm-2 with suppressed Li dendrite formation and volume expansion, improved Coulombic efficiency, as well as extended cycling stability in all half, symmetric, and full cell tests. More importantly, density functional theory calculations and control studies with Fe2O3@NF, pristine NF, and Cu2O@CF reveal a linear correlation between the thermodynamics of the surface reactions and the lithiophilicity of the reaction products, attesting to a redox-driven Li perfusion process. Further, through ex situ scanning electron and in situ optical microscopy, the enhanced performance of Li@NF is mainly attributed to the mediation of Li plating/stripping through homogenizing the Li+ flux, decentralizing local charge density, and accommodating multidirectional Li deposition by the conductive 3D scaffolds. Consequently, this study offers important insights into the driving of thermal Li perfusion through appropriate material and surface design for achieving safe and stable lithium metal anodes.Biomaterials, which release active compounds after implantation, are an essential tool for targeted regenerative medicine. In this study, thin multilayer films loaded with lipid/DNA complexes (lipoplexes) were designed as surface coatings for in situ transfection applicable in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The film production and embedding of lipoplexes were based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CHI) were used as the polyelectrolyte components. The embedded plasmid DNA was complexed using a new designed cationic lipid formulation, namely, OH4/DOPE 1/1, the advantageous characteristics of which have been proven already. Three different methods were tested regarding its efficiency of lipid and DNA deposition. Therefore, several surface specific analytics were used to characterize the LbL formation, the lipid DNA embedding, and the surface characteristics of the multilayer films, such as fluorescence microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, ellipsometry, zeta potential measurements, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Interaction studies were conducted for optimized lipoplex-loaded polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) that showed an efficient attachment of C2C12 cells on the surface. Furthermore, no acute toxic effects were found in cell culture studies, demonstrating biocompatibility. Cell culture experiments with C2C12 cells, a cell line which is hard to transfect, demonstrated efficient transfection of the reporter gene encoding for green fluorescent protein. In vivo experiments using the chicken embryo chorion allantois membrane animal replacement model showed efficient gene-transferring rates in living complex tissues, although the DNA-loaded films were stored over 6 days under wet and dried conditions. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf429242.html PF 429242 in vitro] Based on these findings, it can be concluded that OH4/DOPE 1/1 lipoplex-loaded PEMs composed of HA and CHI can be an efficient tool for in situ transfection in regenerative medicine.