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Carbenes are one of the most appealing, well-explored, and exciting ligands in modern chemistry due to their tunable stereoelectronic properties and a wide area of applications. A palladium complex (BICAAC)2PdCl2 with a recently discovered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene having bicyclo[2.2.2] octane skeleton (BICAAC) was synthesized and characterized. The enhanced σ-donating and π-accepting ability of this carbene lend a hand to form a robust Pd-carbene bond, which allowed us to probe its reactivity as a precatalyst in Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with low catalyst loading in open-air conditions. The diverse range of substrates was explored for both the cross-coupling reactions. To get a better understanding of the catalytic reactions, several analytical techniques such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction were employed in a conclusive manner.Two thorium-organic frameworks of [Th6O4(OH)4(TFBPDC)6(H2O)6]n (Th-TFBPDC) and [Th6O4(OH)4(TFBPDC)4(HCOO)4(H2O)6]n (Th-TFBPDC-i) constructed from the 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(fluoro)biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (TFBPDC2-) ligand were obtained in a reaction. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/aminooxyacetic-acid-hemihydrochloride.html AOA hemihydrochloride cost] At an early stage of the reaction, the formation of the three-dimensional (3D) framework of Th-TFBPDC was discovered. At a later stage of the reaction, the complete product of Th-TFBPDC-i was obtained. The structural evolution from a noninterpenetrated network of Th-TFBPDC to a 2-fold interpenetrated network of Th-TFBPDC-i is a dissolution-recrystallization process and rationalized as the four equatorial TFBPDC2- ligands in an octahedral [Th6O4(OH)4(TFBPDC)12] unit were displaced by four formate ligands to form a [Th6O4(OH)4(TFBPDC)8(HCOO)4] unit via a ligand substitution reaction. The large pore volume as well as the strong interactions between the host framework and guest propyne (C3H4) molecules demonstrated by computational results endow the highly water-stable Th-TFBPDC with the best-performing C3H4 storage under ambient conditions. This work presents a rare example of structural evolution from a 3D noninterpenetrated network to a 2-fold 3D interpenetrated network and a highly promising metal-organic framework (MOF) for C3H4 storage with a C3H4 uptake of 8.16 mmol g-1 at 298 K.The conduction band dispersion in methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) was studied by both angle-resolved two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-2PPE) with low photon intensity (∼0.0125 nJ/pulse) and angle-resolved low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-LEIPS). Clear energy dispersion of the conduction band along the Γ-M direction was first observed by these independent methods under different temperatures, and the dispersion was found to be consistent with band calculation under the cubic phase. The effective mass of the electrons at the Γ point was estimated to be (0.20 ± 0.05)m0 at the temperature of 90 K. The observed conduction band energy was different between the AR-LEIPS and AR-2PPE, which was ascribed to the electronic-correlation-dependent difference of initial and final states probing processes. The present results also indicate that the surface structure in CH3NH3PbI3 provides the cubic-dominated electronic property even at lower temperatures.Biomass combustion results in the formation and wide distribution of black carbon (BC) in soils, wherein the dissolved fractions are among the most active components. Although the presence of dissolved black nitrogen (DBN) in BC has been identified, its environmental behavior and implication are not understood. This study investigated the photochemical transformation and catalytic activity of DBN under simulated solar irradiation. DBN is more easily transformed than dissolved BC due to its photoactive heteroaromatic N structure, and the half-life of DBN produced at 500 °C (8.6 h) is two times shorter than that of the dissolved BC counterpart (23 h). Meanwhile, solar irradiation is favorable for the homoaggregation of DBN. During irradiation, DBN generates not only reactive oxygen species (e.g., 1O2, O2-, and •OH) but also reactive nitrogen species (mainly •ON), which account for its higher photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A than dissolved BC. These findings shed new light on the impact of heteroatoms on the phototransformation and activity of BC as well as cycling of N in terrestrial systems.Memristors have attracted considerable attention as one of the four basic circuit elements besides resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Especially, the nonvolatile memory devices have become a promising candidate for the new-generation information storage, due to their excellent write, read, and erase rates, in addition to the low-energy consumption, multistate storage, and high scalability. Among them, halide perovskite (HP) memristors have great potential to achieve low-cost practical information storage and computing. However, the usual lead-based HP memristors face serious problems of high toxicity and low stability. To alleviate the above issues, great effort has been devoted to develop lead-free HP memristors. Here, we have summarized and discussed the advances in HP memristors from lead-based to lead-free materials including memristive properties, stability, neural network applications, and memristive mechanism. Finally, the challenges and prospects of lead-free HP memristors have been discussed.Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation solar cells. However, the limited stability of PSCs hampers their practical applications. In this work, for the first time, a functionalized π-conjugated ionic liquid crystal (ILC), 4'-(N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide hexyloxy)-4-cyanobiphenyl (6CNBP-N), is developed as a novel chemical additive to obtain CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) PSCs with high efficiency and excellent moisture stability. This 6CNBP-N ILC possesses the characteristics of ionic liquids and liquid crystals. The inclusion of the 6CNBP-N ILC can effectively improve the quality and stability of perovskite films, reduce the trap-state densities, and promote the carrier transport induced by the cyano group (C≡N), a rod-like π-conjugated biphenyl mesogenic unit and quaternary alkylammonium cations (R4N+) in 6CNBP-N. Through this functionalized ILC engineering strategy, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs is greatly increased from 18.